Shows the total number of participant prisoners with the percentage of smoking by prison site in Tigray region in 2013/2014, Ethiopia.

<p>Shows the total number of participant prisoners with the percentage of smoking by prison site in Tigray region in 2013/2014, Ethiopia.</p

Shows the lifestyle and prison related characteristics of prisoners with respiratory infection by smoking status in Tigray region in 2013/2014, northern Ethiopia (n = 738).

<p>Shows the lifestyle and prison related characteristics of prisoners with respiratory infection by smoking status in Tigray region in 2013/2014, northern Ethiopia (n = 738).</p

A forest plot of the adjusted effect of each fitted covariate on risk of smoking, estimated by odds ratio and 95% confidence interval, using multivariable binary logistic regression model.

<p>A forest plot of the adjusted effect of each fitted covariate on risk of smoking, estimated by odds ratio and 95% confidence interval, using multivariable binary logistic regression model.</p

Socio-demographic characteristics of prisoners with respiratory infection by smoking status in Tigray region in 2013/2014, northern Ethiopia (n = 738).

<p>Socio-demographic characteristics of prisoners with respiratory infection by smoking status in Tigray region in 2013/2014, northern Ethiopia (n = 738).</p

Burden and Determinants of Smoking among Prisoners with Respiratory Tract Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study of Nine Major Prison Setups in Northern Ethiopia

<div><p>Background</p><p>Morbidity, mortality and a wide range of associated risk factors are disproportionately clustered among prisoners compared to the general population. Smoking is one of the risk factors for the increased burden of unfavorable health outcomes particularly among prisoners. However, little is known about the level and determinants of smoking among the incarcerated population in Ethiopia.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We collected data from 738 prisoners in nine major prison setups in Tigray region by nurses and clinical officers. Data were entered in to Epi Data 3.1 and exported to stata 13.0 for cleaning and further analysis. Multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify determinants of smoking at p value of less than 5%.</p><p>Result</p><p>The prevalence of smoking was 21 per cent (95%CI = 18.2%, 24.1). Urban residence (AOR = 2.15; 95%CI = 1.20, 3.84), previous history of incarceration (AOR = 1.91; 95%CI = 1.08, 3.40) and alcohol use before incarcerated (AOR = 4.20; 95%CI = 2.57, 6.87) were significantly associated with risk of smoking. In contrast, risk of smoking was significantly lower for farmers (AOR = 0.20; 95% CI = 0.08, 0.49), prisoners with family support (AOR = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.32, 0.87) and for those who were jailed in Shire prison site (AOR = 0.43; 95%CI = 0.20, 0.95).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Our work clearly indicates that the observed smoking prevalence calls for the need of comprehensive and interdisciplinary interventions targeting prisoners.</p></div

Determinants of smoking among adult prisoners with respiratory infection in Tigray region in 2013/2014, Ethiopia (n = 738).

<p>Determinants of smoking among adult prisoners with respiratory infection in Tigray region in 2013/2014, Ethiopia (n = 738).</p

Tuberculosis knowledge, attitudes, and practices among northern Ethiopian prisoners: Implications for TB control efforts

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>Although awareness is an important component in tuberculosis (TB) control, we do not know how much Ethiopian prisoners know about TB. This study assessed the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of prisoners about TB in eight northern Ethiopian prisons.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Data were collected cross-sectionally from 615 prisoners using a standardized questionnaire between March and May 2016. The outcome variables were defined considering the basic elements about TB.</p><p>Results</p><p>Out of 615 prisoners, only 37.7% mentioned bacteria as a cause of TB while 21.7% related TB to exposure to cold wind. Eighty-eight per cent correctly mentioned the aerial route of TB transmission and 27.3% had perceived stigma towards TB. The majority (63.7%) was not aware of the possibility of getting multi-drug-resistant strains when they would not adhere to treatment. Overall, only 24% knew the basic elements about TB, 41% had favorable attitudes, and 55% had a good practice. Prisoners who were urban residents were generally more knowledgeable than rural residents (adjusted OR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.15–4.06). Illiterates were found to be less knowledgeable (adjusted OR = 0.17; 95% CI = 0.06–0.46), less likely to have a favorable attitude (adjusted OR = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.15–0.64), and less good practice (adjusted OR = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.18–0.69). Significant differences were also observed between the different study prisons.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Knowledge of prisoners regarding the cause of TB and consequences of non-adherence to TB treatment was low. Knowledge on the transmission, symptoms, and prevention was fairly high. Health education interventions, focused on the cause and the translation of the knowledge to appropriate practices, are needed in all the study prisons. Special attention should be given to less educated prisoners, and to prisons with a high number of prisoners and those in remote areas.</p></div

Factors associated with the level of practice towards tuberculosis among northern Ethiopian prisoners in the bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis (N = 615).

<p>Factors associated with the level of practice towards tuberculosis among northern Ethiopian prisoners in the bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis (N = 615).</p

Factors related to the level of attitude about tuberculosis among northern Ethiopian prisoners in the bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis (N = 615).

<p>Factors related to the level of attitude about tuberculosis among northern Ethiopian prisoners in the bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis (N = 615).</p

Knowledge of northern Ethiopian prisoners about tuberculosis stratified by the status of the previous history of TB disease, 2016 (N = 615).

<p>Knowledge of northern Ethiopian prisoners about tuberculosis stratified by the status of the previous history of TB disease, 2016 (N = 615).</p