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<p>Totals reflect progress through 2012. Percentage figures represent the achieved proportion of the target of 80% coverage among males ages 15–49, but totals include circumcisions done for all age groups, regardless of the age-range target. Data obtained from WHO 2012 VMMC report <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001641#pmed.1001641-WHOAFRO1" target="_blank">[38]</a>.</p

Timeline and key milestones of the voluntary medical male circumcision program in 14 priority countries.

<p>6 million circumcisions listed in 2013 is an estimate by PEPFAR and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. RCTs, randomized controlled trials; TWG, technical working group; TAG, technical advisory group; MOVE, Models for Optimizing the Volume and Efficiency of MC services.</p

Scale-up of voluntary medical male circumcision program and coverage in 14 priority countries, aggregate, 2008–2013.

<p>Number of circumcisions completed each year in millions. Source of 2008–2012 data is the WHO 2012 VMMC report <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001641#pmed.1001641-WHOAFRO1" target="_blank">[38]</a>. 2013 numbers have been estimated using data from PEPFAR and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. *CAGR, compound annual growth rate, calculated based on the average proportional growth each year. CAGR (t₀,t_n)  =  (V(t_n)/V(t₀))^{1/(tn − to)} −1, where V(t₀) is the start value and V(t_n) is the finish value and t_n − t₀ is the number of years.</p

Modes of Transmission sensitivity analysis with various tiers of data-sources for Belgaum, India.

<p>FTFI, face to face interview; HRG, high-risk group; PBS, polling booth survey. Indirect client estimate was based on reported client volume by rural and urban female sex workers. Redistribution in incident infections is driven predominantly by the estimate of the client population (3.0 to 16.8%) and multiple partnerships (3.1 and 0.8% among males and females respectively using state-level estimates and 9.9 and 1.5% among males and females respectively using PBS estimates). Increasing the population size of each of these risk groups resulted in a predominance of infections among direct partners of clients and persons engaged in multiple partnerships.</p

A proposed approach for assigning HIV epidemic typologies for the design of HIV prevention programmes.

<p>The epidemic drivers of concentrated epidemics are networks of HRGs, whereas multiple partnerships enables HIV to be sustained in the generalizing epidemic. In the mixed epidemic, there is substantial contribution from both the HRGs and the general population in sustaining HIV transmission. Int refers to intermediate.</p

Results of epidemic appraisals for six districts of India using the numerical proxy classification, Modes of Transmission (MOT) analysis and transmission dynamics epidemic classification approach.

<p>ANC (Antenatal clinic [sentinel surveillance]); PPTC(prevention of parent to child transmission clinic); GPS (general population survey); FSW (female sex worker); HR-MSM (high-risk men who have sex with men); IDU (injecting drug user); PAF (population attributable fraction); N/A (data not available).</p

Epidemic typologies based on an alternative framework.

<p>High-risk groups (pink box) comprise of female sex workers, high-risk men who have sex with men, and injection drug users. Yellow circles indicate direct sexual partners of members of a high-risk group (for example, male clients). Grey boxes comprise the remainder of the general population. Red lines delineate sexual partnerships that contribute to emergence and persistence of HIV in the local community (epidemiologic drivers), such that in the absence of these partnerships, the epidemic would fail to establish.</p

Comparison of HSS-ANC and PPTCT data sets in three high-prevalence South Indian states, 2008.

<p>Comparison of HSS-ANC and PPTCT data sets in three high-prevalence South Indian states, 2008.</p

Sensitivity analyses on predictions of intervention outcomes.

<p><b>A</b>) Sensitivity of model-predicted intervention effectiveness to antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage scale-up over the coming decades. The sensitivity analysis compares effectiveness with and without mass ART scale-up for different age-group prioritizations. <b>B)</b> Sensitivity of model-predicted intervention effectiveness to sexual risk compensation with VMMC. The sensitivity analysis is conducted by comparing the effectiveness at six different levels of risk compensation, starting with 0% risk compensation, by targeting the 15–49 age bracket.</p

Comparison of PPTCT and general population surveys (GPS) in select districts of Karnataka, 2006–09.

<p>N, total number of individuals tested.</p><p>p-value for HIV prevalence comparison.</p>*<p>Only for Bagalkot, Jamkhandi and Mudhol sub-district areas.</p