Measurement of Pressure Dependent Fluorescence Yield of Air: Calibration Factor for UHECR Detectors

In a test experiment at the Final Focus Test Beam of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, the fluorescence yield of 28.5 GeV electrons in air and nitrogen was measured. The measured photon yields between 300 and 400 nm at 1 atm and 29 deg C are Y(760 Torr, air) = 4.42 +/- 0.73 and Y(760 Torr, nitrogen) = 29.2 +/- 4.8 photons per electron per meter. Assuming that the fluorescence yield is proportional to the energy deposition of a charged particle traveling through air, good agreement with measurements at lower particle energies is observed.Comment: 22 pages, 14 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Astroparticle Physic

A Critical Examination of the Environmental Mastery Scale

The Psychological well being Inventory (PWBI) is a multidimensional instrument that has enjoyed widespread use in a variety of research initiatives, from small-scale studies to national surveys. Recent empirical investigation of the measure has raised questions about its validity. This study examines the factorial validity of the Environmental Mastery Scale of the PWBI, a construct that receives much attention in mental health research. The results of a confirmatory factor analysis did not support the unidimensional factor structure of the measure. Correlated uniqueness models were also examined, which did not reveal evidence of a method effect. There are problems with the measure at the item level, which also raises significant questions about the underlying theory of its parent measure.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/61157/1/EMS.pd

Design and schematic structure of the fMRI paradigm (The subject of the photograph has given written informed consent, as outlined in the PLOS consent form, to publication of his photograph).

<div><p>a. Ultimatum game: Subjects played against six different opponents (two male human players, two female human players and two computer players), who offered an amount of money varying between zero € and five €. Nevertheless, subjects had the possibility to accept or to reject the offered amount of money by pressing a button. Finally, the subjects were informed by a visual feedback about the accepted or rejected amount of money.</p> <p>b. Dictator game: In the second run of the experiment, subjects played against the previously introduced six opponents. In contrast to the ultimatum game presented in the first run, subjects had now the possibility to share the money according to their needs and beliefs. For this reason, our subjects were in the position to punish or to reward previously unfair or fair opponents. Finally, subjects were informed by a visual feedback about their gain in this trial and the amount of money assigned to the opponent.</p> <p>All trials were separated by a 4.0-5.0s intertrial interval (ITI). In addition, eight separate baseline events varying between 4.0 and 5.5 seconds were presented per run.</p></div

The child with Autism Spectrum Disorder: the perceptions of siblings

This study sets out to understand and analyse the perceptions of six children regarding the Autism Spectrum Disorder of their brother or sister. The present research encompasses a qualitative interview method, from which semi-structured interviews were carried out to participants ranging in ages from 10 to 12. The results of this study demonstrate that siblings, who have a high degree of knowledge and understanding about Autism Spectrum Disorder, feel less embarrassed and are better able to accept the challenges that this disorder causes. All participants indicate that: they have a solid and close relationship with their siblings, are more tolerant in the face of existing difficulties in their relationship; react negatively to the attitudes of others who are less understanding and tolerant; and are proud of their siblings with Autism Spectrum Disorder, for their progress and accomplishments. However, they continue to be unconditionally protective of their siblings in all situations.CIE