Health indices for the evaluation and monitoring of health in children and adolescents in prevention and health promotion: a scoping review

BACKGROUND Health indicators are used in different settings to monitor health outcomes. Child and adolescent health is arguably one of the most important areas for the application of indices and indicators in prevention and health promotion. Although single health indicators may be better suited to display the complexity of the health status and its determinants, a selected set of indicators will still offer a complex picture. Therefore, it is argued that a group of indicators combined into an index may offer a pragmatic tool that is easier to use in order to inform stakeholders. METHODS A scoping review was conducted to identify and describe health indices that monitor and evaluate health of children and adolescents and to appraise the quality and value of the identified indices that may guide the further applications of these indices in particular settings. The three bibliographic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO were searched and a double screening of titles and abstracts as well as double screening of full texts was performed. Indices contained in these studies were analysed in terms of focus and composition and evaluated in terms of quality criteria. RESULTS The scoping review identified 36 eligible studies with 18 health indices in six thematic categories. Of the identified indices, seven indices focus on anthropometrical variables, three indices focus on special aspects of newborns and five indices focus on oral health. One index assesses \textquotedblhealthy lifestyle\textquotedbl and one \textquotedblfunctional ability\textquotedbl whereas one index a combination of different aspects. Most indices are calculated by using primary health data. CONCLUSIONS Alone or in combination with single sets of indicators, indices in six major thematic domains may be used as pragmatic tools for monitoring children's and adolescents´ health and the evaluation of interventions in health promotion and prevention settings

Knowledge And Attitudes Of Students From Kosovo Towards Sexually Transmitted Infections-Stis

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STI) represent a major concern encountered by physicians. Sexually transmitted infections are spread through sexual contact which includes vaginal, anal, oral as well as the use of sex games. The greatest risk of acquiring any STIs comes from unprotected sexual activity with an infected partner. However, everyone who is sexually active is at risk from STIs. There are different factors which highly contribute in the spread of STIs and as a result mostly young people are in risk to get affected by them. Considering the importance and knowing all the risk factors involved in the spread of STIs, there is the need to better evaluate the knowledge of the young people on STIs in order to design appropriate strategies and programs for the awareness on sexually transmitted infections, about the protection against these infections,  identifying possible factors that affect sexual health and achieving good results in relation to sexual health.Aim: The main purpose of this research is to identify the level of knowledge of young people of Kosovo on STIs, identify sources of information about STIs and evaluate the connection (association) of knowledge about contraceptive methods and use.Materials and Methods: The study has a qualitative approach, self-report questionnaires were used to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of young people about sexually transmitted infections. In this study, 253 high school students took part. The schools in which the research was carried out were: medical, competence, science, linguistic and social sciences high school. For this research, a questionnaire consisting of a total of 20 questions was used to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of young people on sexually transmitted infections. Initially, permission was obtained to access to High Schools for conducting this research and the students were informed in advance about the purpose of the research and that the data will be used only for the study and will be confidential. The time for self-administration of the questionnaire was 5-10 minutes. The data was collected from May 10-30, 2020, and analyzed using the Google Classroom online platform in the form of a quiz/questionnaire.Conclusions: Our results suggest that continuous training should be organized in the field of teacher-student communication, in order to improve teaching performance in this aspect. There should be an inclusion of sex education in schools at all levels of pre-university education and treating social workers in schools to focus on the emotional, intellectual and physical aspects of sexual health would be essential. It would also be fruitful if teachers, parents, health workers discussed with young people more about sexual health. And lastly, creating special awareness offices in schools and centers for counseling and treatment would highly increase the information and thus the prevention of young people affected by ST

Suicide During The Pandemic Time

In recent years the biggest challenge facing humanity is the Covid-19 pandemic.This is a challenge that has manifested itself in many problems in all spheres of life. One of the areas that have affected him is mental health, which has been much discussed.However, the other main issue that this study is about is suicides and the causes that brought them about.Suicide is a complex act and appears due to many factors, which are sometimes known, and some cases remain unknown at the time of death. But, the purpose of this study is to study the known causes that caused suicides during the time of the pandemic.Identifying specific factors associated with changing the suicide case ratio provides valuable information to the community. To raise his awareness about such cases and to sensitize them to approach them properly.The result of this study is to determine how various factors around us play a major role in our mental health and our emotional state by pushing us towards committing the act of suicide. These results include a description of the characteristics of each factor and how influential they are.To have a safer and more efficient treatment of these cases, this study contributes to the field of medicine, integrating also the field of psychology and sociology.Thus, through the cooperation of these areas competent for these issues, suicide prevention can be achieved

The most prescribed analgesics in the Emergency Clinic at the University Clinical Hospital Service of Kosovo in the period January - March 2022

Introduction -An important aspect of pain management, whether acute or chronic, is the administration of medications, namely analgesics. They are given to reduce and control pain, reduce risks, and reduce the incidence of more serious complications.The aim –of this study is to see the prescription of analgesics in UCHSK, their role, and importance, and the literature review regarding the dosage, the way, and of the certain doses. Methodology - This is descriptive research that aims to show the quantity of the most prescribed analgesics. The study was carried out in the Emergency Center near UCHSK in Prishtina, for the collection of all data sources such as documentation, protocols of medical visits where emergency cases were documented, and the treatment they received, during the period January-March 2022.The results - literature review results have provided detailed information regarding analgesics, the way of administration, the best possible ways of administering medications, and the best management.Conclusions –The study results reveal that analgetics-opioids, familiarity with the drug, the way of administering the drug, and their side effects reduce the complications they cause. Furthermore, good management affects the patient’s emotional state and his psychological preparation and enables the team of health professionals to achieve successful results

Insomnia and other psychological factors of health workers in the face of the Covid- 19 pandemic, at the Main Family Medicine Center in Ferizaj

This research paper deals with health problems caused by insomnia and other psychological factors among health workers in the face of the pandemic Covid-19, at the Main Family Medicine Center in Ferizaj. Knowing what problem is facing worldwide, recent actuality has made us health professionals especially curious to research the difficulties and problems faced by our colleagues during this very difficult period we are going through. Purpose of the research: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the difficulties and challenges faced by health professionals, the risk during the pandemic, psychological disorders during working hours, in the period of the Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology: This research was conducted through a questionnaire which included a total of 65 health personnel: nurses, doctors and secondary health staff. Results: In this study were analyzed a total of 65 health professionals divided by gender, age, job position based on education, doctor, nurse, and staff with secondary education. The results of this research have shown statistically significant data for health workers who are exposed to risk during the pandemic period, which directly affects their personal well-being taking into account the factors that affect insomnia and other disorders such as: disorders convulsive obsessions, stress, anxiety, etc