Algal and cyanobacterial diversity in saline rivers of the Elton Lake Basin (Russia) studied via light microscopy and next-generation sequencing

Naturally saline rivers are known in various regions of the world. Saline rivers with a salinity gradient from the source to the mouth are particularly interesting, because the range of salinity is the structure-forming factor of the hydrobiont assemblage. Such rivers are represented by saline rivers of the Elton Lake Basin in Volgograd region of Russia (the Bolshaya Samoroda River and the Malaya Samoroda River). Herein, we analyzed taxonomic structure and species diversity of microalgae and Cyanobacteria of the saline rivers flowing into the Elton Lake by light microscopy and next-generation sequencing. The differences and possible causes of inconsistencies in the results obtained by these methods are discussed. In total, 91 taxa of microorganisms were identified by integrated approach in the assemblages of microalgae and Cyanobacteria in the middle course of the Bolshaya Samoroda River, and 60 taxa – in the river mouth. The species diversity of those assemblages in the hypersaline Malaya Samoroda River was lower: 27 taxa from the middle course and 23 taxa from the mouth. Next-generation sequencing allowed us to refine and expand the list of microalgae taxa in the studied saline rivers due to detection of species which were hard to identify, low-abundance taxa, as well as extremely small-cell forms. Some discrepancies between the data obtained by light microscopy and next-generation sequencing indicate the advantage of simultaneous use of both methods for study of the algae communities. Such a comprehensive approach provides the most accurate and correct list of taxa added with the morphological descriptions and 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA partial sequences. Generally, 18 taxa have been recorded for the first time in the Bolshaya Samoroda River, belonging to the phyla Chlorophyta (Borodinellopsis sp., Chlorochytrium lemnae Cohn, Caespitella sp., Halochlorococcum sp., Tetraselmis cordiformis (H. J. Carter) F. Stein), Ochrophyta (Pseudocharaciopsis ovalis (Chodat) D. J. Hibberd, Characiopsis sp., Poterioochromonas stipitata Scherffel, Chrysolepidomonas sp.), Euglenozoa (Euglena bucharica I. Kisselev, Lepocinclis tripteris (Dujardin) B. Marin & Melkonian, Phacus orbicularis K. Hübner, P. parvulus G. A. Klebs), Cryptophyta (Hemiselmis cryptochromatica C. E. Lane & J. M. Archibald, Rhodomonas sp., Hanusia phi J. A. Deane), Haptophyta (Pavlova sp.), Cyanobacteria (Johanseninema constrictum (Szafer) Hasler, Dvorák & Poulícková). Seven taxa have been detected for the first time in the algal and cyanobacterial assemblages of the Malaya Samoroda River from the phyla Chlorophyta (Tetraselmis cordiformis, T. arnoldii (Proschkina-Lavrenko) R. E. Norris, Hori & Chihara, T. tetrathele (West) Butcher, Pyrobotrys elongatus Korshikov), Cryptophyta (Hanusia phi), and Cyanobacteria (Synechococcus elongatus (Nägeli) Nägeli, Oscillatoria simplicissima Gomont)

The Maupertuis principle and canonical transformations of the extended phase space

We discuss some special classes of canonical transformations of the extended phase space, which relate integrable systems with a common Lagrangian submanifold. Various parametric forms of trajectories are associated with different integrals of motion, Lax equations, separated variables and action-angles variables. In this review we will discuss namely these induced transformations instead of the various parametric form of the geometric objects

Hemodynamics at different levels of salt intake in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of different age groups

Aim. To assess the relationship between the level of salt (NaCl) consumption and clinical and hemodynamic parameters in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) of different age groups.Material and methods. We examined 57 patients with HCM (mean age, 59,2±16,2 years). The patients were divided into groups according to the World Health Organization (WHO): I — young age (≤44 years old) — 12,4% of patients; II — middle (45-59 years old) — 37,2%; III — elderly (60–74 years old) — 36%; IV — senile (≥75 years old old) — 14,4%. The clinical status of patients was assessed, during which special attention was paid to syncope not related to cardiac arrhythmias. NaCl intake was assessed by the 24-hour urine sodium (Na+) level.Results. In the general cohort, in Na+ level <50 mmol/day, the lowest left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV) index was observed, which were associated with syncope (r=-0,9, p=0,03). With the urinary sodium level of 50-70 mmol/day, an increase in LVSV index was observed and the absence of syncope. At Na+ level more than 70 mmol/day, no increase in LVSV index was observed. In this regard, a predictive model was created, as a result of which it was found that with an increase in Na+ consumption by 1 mmol/day, an increase in LVSV index by 0,3 ml/m2 should be expected. There were no significant differences in the effect of NaCl intake on the studied parameters in patients with HCM of different ages. At the same time, low NaCl intake in elderly patients was associated with syncope.Conclusion. Minimal values of Na+ intake (<50 mmol/day or NaCl 3 g/day) were found, which are unfavorable for patients with HCM due to the risk syncope. The 24-hour urine sodium level to maintain a hemodynamically safe level of LVSV index in patients with HCM should be more than 70 mmol/day (NaCl 4,1 g/day). Monitoring of Na+ consumption level is especially important in elderly people with HCM

Novel membrane mimetic systems based on amphiphilic oxyethylated calix[4]arene: Aggregative and liquid crystalline behavior

Self-organization of amphiphilic calixarenes oxyethylated at a lower rim has been investigated in water and water-organic solutions. In the range of isotropic solutions three types of structural transitions were indicated by a complex of methods. The first critical point indicated by surface tension, dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy methods is probably connected with the formation of " infinite" organized structures (of hundreds nanometers in size) through the open association model. This aggregative phenomenon covers the concentration range below 10-3M. In the case of aqueous calixarene solutions these large aggregates co-exist with small micelle-like particles and undergo a rearrangement with an increase in the concentration. The second structural transition occurs beyond 10-3M. It is revealed in aqueous calixarene solutions by surface tension, spine probe, viscosimetry and dynamic light scattering methods. Small aggregates (~10nm in diameter) are formed in this range through a closed model typical for conventional surfactants. The third transition indicated by viscosimetry and in single case by tensiometry can be connected with an elongation of aggregates. The polarization microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies reveal the anisotropic behavior with the concentration of solutions. Parameters of the existence of liquid crystalline mesophases are found to be influenced by the structure of substituents at both the upper and lower rims, as well as by the nature of solvent. © 2010 Elsevier B.V

Intraoperative Intraluminal Endoscopy in the Surgical Treatment of Patients with Esophageal Diverticula of Various Localization

Aim. To improve the results of surgical treatment of patients with esophageal diverticulum of various localization using intraoperative intraluminal endoscopy. Materials and Methods: The Department of Surgery of the Esophagus and Stomach, the Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, has accumulated a large experience in treating diverticulosis patients. Thus, during the 2010–2018 period, 74 patients with esophageal diverticula of various localization were operated. Out of them, 56 (75.7 %), 10 (13.5 %) and 8 (10.8 %) patients underwent surgical treatment with respect to faringo-esophageal, bifurcation and epiphrenic diverticula, respectively. The patients were divided into two groups: 31 people (41.9 %) in the main group underwent diverticulectomy with intraoperative intraluminal endoscopic assistance (IVEA), while 43 (58.1 %) people in the control group underwent diverticulectomy without IVEA. Intraoperatively, at the stage of discovering diverticulum, the endoscopist applied transillumination and air insufflation in the cavity of the diverticulum, followed by controlling the mobilization of diverticulum. At the resection stage, the completeness of the surgical removal was controlled, along with the absence of esophageal lumen narrowing after sewing the neck of the diverticulum using a linear stapler.Results. The average duration of the operation in patients with Zenker’s diverticula and those in the control group was 45.5 ± 8.8 min and 73.8 ± 12.7 min (p < 0.05), respectively. In patients with the diverticula of the middle and lower third of the esophagus, the average surgery duration was equal to 120.3 ± 11.2 min and 150.5 ± 17.3 (p <0.05) min in the main and control groups, respectively. Radiological examination 2–3 days after surgery revealed no complications in the main group. In the control group, 2 (4.7 %) patients showed a small leakage of the contrast agent outside the esophagus (stopped conservatively). Signs of mild dysphagia when taking solid foods were detected in 1 (2.4 %) patient of the control group. This condition was associated with excessive ingress of the esophageal wall into the apparatus suture, which led to a slight narrowing of its lumen. No patients with dysphagia in the postoperative period were recorded in the main group. Conclusion: The combination of surgical treatment of esophageal diverticula with IVEA allows the duration of surgery to be optimized, deformation of the esophageal lumen to be avoided, possible complications to be minimized, thereby improving the results of surgical treatment

COMPARISON OF TENSILE CURVES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLAT AND CYLINDRICAL SPECIMENS IN STRUCTURAL STEELS

Samples of low.carbon steels 08G2B and 10G2 after processing on differenttreatmentswere studied. The analysis of tensile curves, the mechanical properties of the steels after tensile tests were carried out.В работе изучены образцы низкоуглеродистых сталей 08Г2Б и 10Г2 после обработки по различным режимам. Проведен анализ диаграмм растяжения, механических свойств исследуемых сталей после испытаний на растяжение

ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ ТОМАТА ПРИ ПРИМЕНЕНИИ МИКРОЭЛЕМЕНТОВ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ

The modern technologies for production of high yield in vegetable crops in agroindustrial complexes provide the development of optimal conditions for plant nutrition including the application of microelements and biologically active substances (BAS). The study of productivity in tomato with application of microelements and biologically active substances were carried out in unstable moisturization in Stavropol region at the facilities of Educational and Experimental Station FSBEI HE Stavropol SAU in 2015-2016. The aim was to study productivity in tomato with application of microelements and biologically active substances on the basis of calculated norms of fertilizers. The objects of the study were tomato hybrid ‘Premium F1’, Agromix, and different BAS. Calculated dose of fertilizers on predicted tomato yield of 80 t/ha according to experimental protocol was N130Р150К170, where this norm was regarded as a control. Mineral fertilizers were added to basic fertilizer and included as extra feeding supplied through drip irrigation system. Agromix was applied as part of foliar dressing through drip irrigation, while BAS was used only as foliar dressing. The data on development of vegetative and generative plant organs, biochemical composition and yield characteristics of tomato fruit were analyzed. As a result of the study, it was shown that experimental tomato plants significantly differed from control ones not only by yield capacity and quality, but also the morphological characteristics. With application Agromix and BAS the area of leaf surface, stem diameter, degree of fruit formation, average fruit weight increased by 0.004-0.04 m2, 0.2-0.3 cm., 39%, and 8-16 g., per plant respectively. With application of N130Р150К170, Agromix, amino acids and epibrassinolide in different combinations, the dry matter content in fruit, sugar content, sugar and acid index and vitamin C content were increased as compared with control by 0.07-0.15%, 0.12-0.26%, 1.21.7 and 0.6-1.3 mg %, respectively, while nitrate content was decreased by 14.0-17.5 mg/kg. Application of microelements and BAS in the system of tomato plant nutrition increased tomato yield by 0.6-4.3 t/ha as compared with control variant. The highest yield was obtained in the experiment with combined application of N130Р150К170, Agromix, amino acids and epibrassinolide in plant feeding system. As a result of study, it was shown that highest productivity in tomato was obtained with combined feeding with microelements and BAS on the basis calculated norms of fertilizers.Современные технологии получения высоких урожаев овощных культур в агропромышленном комплексе предусматривают создание оптимальных условий питания растений, включающих применение микроэлементов и БАВ. Исследования по изучению продуктивности томата при применении микроэлементов и биологически активных веществ проводили в условиях зоны неустойчивого увлажнения Ставропольского края на базе учебно-опытной станции ФГБОУ ВО Ставропольского ГАУ в 2015-2016 годах. Цель исследований – изучение продуктивности томата при использовании микроэлементов и биологически активных веществ на фоне расчетной нормы удобрений. Объектами исследований были гибрид томата Премиум F1, АгроМикс, различные БАВ. Расчетная доза удобрений под планируемую урожайность томата в 80 т/га согласно методике опыта составила N130Р150К170, эта норма была контролем. Минеральные удобрения вносили в основное удобрение и в составе подкормок через капельный полив. АгроМикс применяли в составе корневых подкормок через капельный полив, БАВ – в качестве внекорневых обработок. Проанализированы данные по формированию вегетативных и генеративных органов, биохимического состава и урожайности плодов томата. В результате научных исследований установлено, что опытные растения томата существенно отличались от контрольных не только по урожайности и качеству полученной продукции, но и морфологически. При применении АгроМикса и БАВ размер листового аппарата томата увеличился относительно контроля на 0,004-0,04 м2/растение, диаметр стебля – на 0,2-0,3 см, степень завязываемости плодов – на 3-9%, средняя масса плода – на 8-16 г. При использовании в опыте N130Р150К170, АгроМикса, аминокислот и эпибрассинолида в различных сочетаниях увеличивалось содержание сухого вещества в плодах томата по сравнению с контролем на 0,07-0,15%, сахаров – на 0,120,26%, сахарокислотного индекса – на 1,2-1,7, витамина С – на 0,6-1,3 мг%, нитратов снижалось – на 14,0-17,5 мг/кг. Внесение микроэлементов и биологически активных веществ в систему питания томата способствовало увеличению урожайности томата по сравнению с контролем на 0,6-4,3 т/га. Наибольшая урожайность томата в опыте была получена при комплексном использовании в системе питания N130Р150К170, АгроМикса, аминокислот и эпибрассинолида. В результате исследований установлено, что наибольшая продуктивность томата была получена при комплексной подкормке микроэлементами и биологически активными веществами на фоне расчетной нормы удобрений.

Formation of Amyloid-Like Fibrils by Y-Box Binding Protein 1 (YB-1) Is Mediated by Its Cold Shock Domain and Modulated by Disordered Terminal Domains

YB-1, a multifunctional DNA- and RNA-binding nucleocytoplasmic protein, is involved in the majority of DNA- and mRNA-dependent events in the cell. It consists of three structurally different domains: its central cold shock domain has the structure of a β-barrel, while the flanking domains are predicted to be intrinsically disordered. Recently, we showed that YB-1 is capable of forming elongated fibrils under high ionic strength conditions. Here we report that it is the cold shock domain that is responsible for formation of YB-1 fibrils, while the terminal domains differentially modulate this process depending on salt conditions. We demonstrate that YB-1 fibrils have amyloid-like features, including affinity for specific dyes and a typical X-ray diffraction pattern, and that in contrast to most of amyloids, they disassemble under nearly physiological conditions

Продуктивность чеснока озимого при разных нормах удобрений

Relevance. Garlic is one of the most valuable food products and the increase in its production is associated with the growing needs of the population, the processing industry and medicine. Garlic is very responsive to the use of fertilizers, which are an integral part of the cultivation of individual crops and are aimed at obtaining high and stable yields with good quality products.Methods. The purpose of the research is to study the productivity of winter garlic, depending on the application of various norms of fertilizers. The studies were conducted in the arid zone of the Stavropol Territory. The objects of research were varieties of winter garlic Lyubasha, Leader, Jubileyny Gribovsky, the rate of mineral fertilizers. Potassium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ammophos were used as mineral fertilizers.Results. As a result, it was established that with the use of fertilizers, the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the formation of the yield of garlic increased. The largest vegetative mass of garlic was formed when using the N120P95K50 in the food system; the highest values for plant height and leaf area were obtained, the difference with respect to control, was between 5-18 cm and 9-45 cm2 , respectively. The largest mass of the bulbs was obtained when making garlic N120P95K50 – 51-85 g, which exceeded the control by 15-18 g. Garlic plants grown with the use of N80P95K50 were the least affected with diseases - the degree of development of the diseases was less than with control, by 0.2-1.5%. The use of fertilizers in the cultivation of garlic contributed to an increase in crop yield: the highest indicators were obtained when applying N120P95K50 – 19.4-21.3 t/ha, which was more control, by 0.4-3.2 t/ha. Most of the nutrients in the bulbs accumulated when using N80P95K50: the dry matter content exceeded the control, N80P95K75 and N120P95K50 by 3-10%, sugars – by 0.3-1.4%, essential oils – by 0.02-0.1 mg/100 g, vitamin C – 2-8 mg per 100 g wet weight. The amount of nitrates in garlic bulbs was lower than the MPC by 3-33 mg/kg. Актуальность. Среди овощных культур чеснок является одним из самых ценных продуктов питания, и увеличение его производства связано с возрастающими потребностями населения, перерабатывающей промышленности и медицины. Чеснок очень отзывчив на применение удобрений, которые являются неотъемлемым звеном выращивания отдельных культур и направлены на получение высоких и устойчивых урожаев с хорошим качеством продукции.Материал и методы. Цель исследований – изучение продуктивности чеснока озимого в зависимости от применения различных норм удобрений. Исследования проводили в засушливой зоне Ставропольского края. Объектами исследований были сорта озимого чеснока Любаша, Лидер, Юбилейный Грибовский, норма минеральных удобрений. В качестве минеральных удобрений использовали калийную селитру, монокалийфосфат, аммиачную селитру, аммофос.Результаты. В результате исследований установлено, что при применении удобрений количественные и качественные показатели формирования урожайности чеснока увеличивались. Самая большая вегетативная масса чеснока сформировалась при использовании в системе питания N120P95К50, в результате были получены наибольшие значения по высоте растений и площади листьев, разница которых по отношению к контролю, N80P95К75, N80P95К50 была в пределах 5-18 см и 9-45 см2 соответственно. Наибольшая масса луковиц была получена при внесении под чеснок N120P95К50 – 51-85 г, что превышало контроль на 15-18 г. Меньше всего болезнями поражались растения чеснока, выращенные с использованием доз N80P95К50 – степень развития болезней была меньше, чем в контроле на 0,2- 1,5%. Применение удобрений при выращивании чеснока способствовало увеличению урожайности культуры: наибольшие показатели были получены при внесении N120P95К50 – 19,4-21,3 т/га, что больше контроля на 0,4-3,2 т/га. Больше всего питательных веществ в луковицах накапливалось при применении N80P95К50: содержание сухого вещества превышало контроль на 3-10%, сахаров – на 0,3-1,4%, эфирных масел – на 0,02-0,1 мг/100 г, витамина С – на 2-8 мг на 100 г сырой массы. Количество нитратов в луковицах чеснока было ниже ПДК на 3-33 мг/кг.

Эффективность применения кремнийсодержащих удобрений при малообъёмной технологии выращивания огурца Киборг F1

Relevance. Cucumber in the Russian Federation in protected ground in terms of growing areas and production volume is the first, its share in the total production of greenhouse products in recent years accounts for about 50-55%. Scientific research confirms the positive effect of silicon-containing agrochemicals on the intensity of metabolic processes in the plant body, which is manifested in increasing the yield of commercial products, resistance to adverse environmental factors, and the realization of the biological potential of crops. Methods. The aim of the research is to evaluate the effect of silicon – containing fertilizers on the productivity of Cyborg F1 cucumber in low-volume cultivation technology. The research was conducted in the winter-spring period of 2020 in the conditions of a winter glazed greenhouse of the greenhouse complex of the Stavropol state agrarian university. The objects of research were cucumber Cyborg F1, fertilizers Kelik Potassium Silicon, Siliplant, Forris, Bio Silicium. Fertilizers were applied to foliar top dressing three times during the cucumber growing season. All microclimate conditions in the greenhouse were regulated automatically using the Sercom climate program. Mineral wool was used as a substrate. Results. Fertilizing with silicon – containing fertilizers increased the degree of assimilation of nutrients by plants of cucumber Cyborg F1: the nitrogen content in the drainage solution decreased by 6-26 mg/l, phosphorus – by 4-8 mg/l, and potassium-by 18-34 mg/l. The use of silicon-containing fertilizers contributed to an increase in the area of cucumber leaves compared to the control by 1.6-3.1%, the yield of standard products-by 3.7-8.1%, yield-by 0.9-2.5 kg/m2, and a decrease in the degree of ovary death – by 2.0-3.5%. When using silicon-containing fertilizers, the quality of cucumber products improved. Thus, in the conditions of the sixth light zone, to increase the yield of Cyborg F1 cucumber in low-volume cultivation technology, it is recommended to use silicon-containing fertilizers Siliplant and Forris, which provides an increase relative to the control of 7.4 and 9.2%, respectively.Актуальность. Огурец в Российской Федерации в защищенном грунте по площадям выращивания и объему производства занимает первое место, на его долю в общем объеме производства тепличной продукции в последние годы приходится около 50-55%. Научные исследования подтверждают положительное влияние кремнийсодержащих агрохимикатов на интенсивность протекания процессов метаболизма в растительном организме, которое проявляется в повышении выхода товарной продукции, устойчивости к воздействию неблагоприятных факторов среды, реализации биологического потенциала сельскохозяйственных культур. Материал и методы. Цель исследований – оценка влияния кремнийсодержащих удобрений на продуктивность огурца Киборг F1 в малообъемной технологии выращивания. Исследования проводили в зимне-весеннем обороте 2020 года в условиях зимней остекленной теплицы теплично-оранжерейного комплекса ФГБОУ ВО Ставропольский ГАУ. Объектами исследования были огурец Киборг F1, удобрения Келик Калий-Кремний, Силиплант, Форрис, Bio Silicium. Удобрения применяли во внекорневые подкормки три раза в течение вегетации огурца. Все условия микроклимата в теплице регулировались в автоматическом режиме с помощью климатической программы Sercom. В качестве субстрата использовалась минеральная вата. Результаты. Проведение подкормок кремнийсодержащими удобрениями увеличивало степень усвоения элементов питания растениями огурца Киборг F1: содержание азота в дренажном растворе снижалось относительно контроля на 6-26 мг/л, фосфора – на 4-8 мг/л, калия – на 18-34 мг/л. Использование кремнийсодержащих удобрений способствовало увеличению площади листьев огурца по сравнению с контролем на 1,6-3,1%, выхода стандартной продукции – на 3,7-8,1%, урожайности – на 0,9-2,5 кг/м2, снижению степени отмирания завязей – на 2,0-3,5%. При применении кремнийсодержащих удобрений улучшалось качество продукции огурца. Таким образом, в условиях шестой световой зоны для увеличения урожайности огурца Киборг F1 в малообъемной технологии выращивания рекомендуется применять кремнийсодержащие удобрения Силиплант и Форрис, что обеспечивает прибавку относительно контроля 7,4 и 9,2 % соответственно