44 research outputs found
Direct measurement of the Husimi-Q function of the electric-field in the time-domain
We develop the theoretical tools necessary to promote electro-optic sampling
to a time-domain quantum tomography technique. Our proposed framework
implements detection of the time evolution of both the electric-field of a
propagating electromagnetic wave and its Hilbert transform (quadrature). Direct
detection of either quadrature is not strictly possible in the time-domain,
detection efficiency approaching zero when an exact mode-matching to either
quadrature is reached. As all real signals have a limited bandwidth, we can
trace out the irrelevant sampling bandwidth to optimize the detection
efficiency while preserving quantum information of the relevant signal. Through
the developed understanding of the mode structure of the amplitude and Hilbert
transform quadratures, we propose multiplexing and mode-matching operations on
the gating function to extract full quantum information on both quantities,
simultaneously. The proposed methology is poised to open a novel path toward
quantum state tomography and quantum spectroscopy directly in the time domain.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure
Paraxial Theory of Direct Electro-Optic Sampling of the Quantum Vacuum
Direct detection of vacuum fluctuations and analysis of sub-cycle quantum
properties of the electric field are explored by a paraxial quantum theory of
ultrafast electro-optic sampling. The feasibility of such experiments is
demonstrated by realistic calculations adopting a thin ZnTe electro-optic
crystal and stable few-femtosecond laser pulses. We show that nonlinear mixing
of a short near-infrared probe pulse with multi-terahertz vacuum field modes
leads to an increase of the signal variance with respect to the shot noise
level. The vacuum contribution increases significantly for appropriate length
of the nonlinear crystal, short probe pulse durations, tight focusing, and
sufficiently large number of photons per probe pulse. If the vacuum input is
squeezed, the signal variance depends on the probe delay. Temporal positions
with noise level below the pure vacuum may be traced with a sub-cycle accuracy.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure
Nonlinear acousto-magneto-plasmonics
We review the recent progress in experimental and theoretical research of
interactions between the acoustic, magnetic and plasmonic transients in hybrid
metal-ferromagnet multilayer structures excited by ultrashort laser pulses. The
main focus is on understanding the nonlinear aspects of the acoustic dynamics
in materials as well as the peculiarities in the nonlinear optical and
magneto-optical response. For example, the nonlinear optical detection is
illustrated in details by probing the static magneto-optical second harmonic
generation in gold-cobalt-silver trilayer structures in Kretschmann geometry.
Furthermore, we show experimentally how the nonlinear reshaping of giant
ultrashort acoustic pulses propagating in gold can be quantified by
time-resolved plasmonic interferometry and how these ultrashort optical pulses
dynamically modulate the optical nonlinearities. The effective medium
approximation for the optical properties of hybrid multilayers facilitates the
understanding of novel optical detection techniques. In the discussion we
highlight recent works on the nonlinear magneto-elastic interactions, and
strain-induced effects in semiconductor quantum dots.Comment: 30 pages, 12 figures, to be published as a Topical Review in the
Journal of Optic
Precise Determination of Minimum Achievable Temperature for Solid-State Optical Refrigeration
We measure the minimum achievable temperature (MAT) as a function of
excitation wavelength in anti-Stokes fluorescence cooling of high purity
Yb3+-doped LiYF4 (Yb:YLF) crystal. Such measurements were obtained by
developing a sensitive noncontact thermometry that is based on a two-band
differential luminescence spectroscopy using balanced photo-detectors. These
measurements are in excellent agreement with the prediction of the laser
cooling model and identify MAT of 110 K at 1020 nm, corresponding to E4-E5
Stark manifold transition in Yb:YLF crystal.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure
Subcycle squeezing of light from a time flow perspective
Light as a carrier of information and energy plays a fundamental role in both
general relativity and quantum physics, linking these areas that are still not
fully compliant with each other. Its quantum nature and spatio-temporal
structure are exploited in many intriguing applications ranging from novel
spectroscopy methods of complex many-body phenomena to quantum information
processing and subwavelength lithography. Recent access to subcycle quantum
features of electromagnetic radiation promises a new class of time-dependent
quantum states of light. Paralleled with the developments in attosecond
science, these advances motivate an urgent need for a theoretical framework
that treats arbitrary wave packets of quantum light intrinsically in the time
domain. Here, we formulate a consistent time domain theory of the generation
and sampling of few-cycle and subcycle pulsed squeezed states, allowing for a
relativistic interpretation in terms of induced changes in the local flow of
time. Our theory enables the use of such states as a resource for novel
ultrafast applications in quantum optics and quantum information.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figures (including supplementary information
Femtosecond Transfer and Manipulation of Persistent Hot-Trion Coherence in a Single CdSe/ZnSe Quantum Dot
Ultrafast transmission changes around the fundamental trion resonance are
studied after exciting a p-shell exciton in a negatively charged II-VI quantum
dot. The biexcitonic induced absorption reveals quantum beats between hot trion
states at 133 GHz. While interband dephasing is dominated by relaxation of the
P-shell hole within 390 fs, trionic coherence remains stored in the spin system
for 85 ps due to Pauli blocking of the triplet electron. The complex
spectro-temporal evolution of transmission is explained analytically by solving
the Maxwell-Liouville equations. Pump and probe polarizations provide full
control over amplitude and phase of the quantum beats
Enhanced Electro-Optic Sampling with Quantum Probes
Employing electro-optic sampling (EOS) with ultrashort probe pulses, recent
experiments showed direct measurements of quantum vacuum fields and their
correlations on subcycle timescales. Here, we propose a quantum-enhanced EOS
where photon-number entangled twin beams are used to derive conditioned
non-classical probes. In the case of the quantum vacuum, this leads to a
six-fold improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio over the classically-probed
EOS. In addition, engineering of the conditioning protocol yields a reliable
way to extract higher-order moments of the quantum noise distribution and
robust discrimination of the input quantum states, for instance a vacuum and a
few-photon cat state. These improvements open a viable route towards robust
tomography of quantum fields in space-time, an equivalent of homodyne detection
in energy-momentum space, and the possibility of precise experiments in
real-space quantum electrodynamics.Comment: 12 pages, 15 figure