371 research outputs found
Select and Attend: Towards Controllable Content Selection in Text Generation
Many text generation tasks naturally contain two steps: content selection and
surface realization. Current neural encoder-decoder models conflate both steps
into a black-box architecture. As a result, the content to be described in the
text cannot be explicitly controlled. This paper tackles this problem by
decoupling content selection from the decoder. The decoupled content selection
is human interpretable, whose value can be manually manipulated to control the
content of generated text. The model can be trained end-to-end without human
annotations by maximizing a lower bound of the marginal likelihood. We further
propose an effective way to trade-off between performance and controllability
with a single adjustable hyperparameter. In both data-to-text and headline
generation tasks, our model achieves promising results, paving the way for
controllable content selection in text generation.Comment: EMNLP 201
The development of carbonate-containing apatite/collagen composite for osteoconductive apical barrier material.
The current report describes the properties of a new apical barrier material formulated from carbonate-containing apatite (CAp) and collagen. CAp particles of around 50 nm were deposited on reconstituted collagen fibers. CAp/col with about 60 wt % CAp (corresponding to apatite content of bone) was obtained after 1 day of calcification. CAp content increased up to about 80 wt % in a 15-day calcification reaction. CAp/col was composed of fine calcified collagen fibers. The crystallinity and Ca/PO(4) ratio of CAp were comparable to those of bone apatite. The mixture of CAp/col and saline reached a pH of about 9. The optimum powder-to-liquid ratio (P/L) to set into a root canal was determined to be 1.2. Furthermore, the mixture (P/L = 1.2) condensed in a root canal was liquid permeable. Thus, the CAp/col was expected as an apical barrier material with osteoconductivity.The current report describes the properties of a new apical barrier material formulated from carbonate-containing apatite (CAp) and collagen. CAp particles of around 50 nm were deposited on reconstituted collagen fibers. CAp/col with about 60 wt % CAp (corresponding to apatite content of bone) was obtained after 1 day of calcification. CAp content increased up to about 80 wt % in a 15-day calcification reaction. CAp/col was composed of fine calcified collagen fibers. The crystallinity and Ca/PO(4) ratio of CAp were comparable to those of bone apatite. The mixture of CAp/col and saline reached a pH of about 9. The optimum powder-to-liquid ratio (P/L) to set into a root canal was determined to be 1.2. Furthermore, the mixture (P/L = 1.2) condensed in a root canal was liquid permeable. Thus, the CAp/col was expected as an apical barrier material with osteoconductivity
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