Combination of genetic analysis and ancient literature survey reveals the divergence of traditional Brassica rapa varieties from Kyoto, Japan

京の伝統野菜ミブナの育種の歴史を解明. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-06-02.Since ancient times, humans have bred several plants that we rely on today. However, little is known about the divergence of most of these plants. In the present study, we investigated the divergence of Mibuna (Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica L. H. Bailey), a traditional leafy vegetable in Kyoto (Japan), by combining genetic analysis and a survey of ancient literature. Mibuna is considered to have been bred 200 years ago from Mizuna, another traditional leafy vegetable in Kyoto. Mibuna has simple spatulate leaves, whereas Mizuna has characteristic serrated leaves. The quantitative trait loci (QTL) and gene expression analyses suggested that the downregulation of BrTCP15 expression contributed to the change in the leaf shape from serrated to simple spatulate. Interestingly, the SNP analysis indicated that the genomic region containing the BrTCP15 locus was transferred to Mibuna by introgression. Furthermore, we conducted a survey of ancient literature to reveal the divergence of Mibuna and found that hybridization between Mizuna and a simple-leaved turnip might have occurred in the past. Indeed, the genomic analysis of multiple turnip cultivars showed that one of the cultivars, Murasakihime, has almost the same sequence in the BrTCP15 region as Mibuna. These results suggest that the hybridization between Mizuna and turnip has resulted in the establishment of Mibuna

An Incarcerated Colon Inguinal Hernia That Perforated into the Scrotum and Exhibited an Air-Fluid Level

There are few reports of a transverse colon inguinal hernia; furthermore, an inguinal hernia perforating the scrotum is rare. Here we report the case of a 79-year-old man who died after developing an incarcerated colon inguinal hernia that perforated the scrotum and exhibited an air-fluid level. The patient was referred to our hospital in November 2011 with a complaint of inability to move. Physical examination revealed an abnormally enlarged left scrotum and cold extremities. He reported a history of gastric cancer that was surgically treated more than 30 years ago. His white blood cell count and C-reactive protein level were elevated. Abdominal and inguinal computed tomography revealed that his transverse colon was incarcerated in the left inguinal canal. Free air and air-fluid level were observed around the transverse colon, suggestive of a perforation. The patient and his family refused any surgical intervention; therefore, he was treated with sultamicillin tosilate hydrate and cefotiam hydrochloride. However, he succumbed to panperitonitis 19 days after admission. The findings from this case indicate that the transverse colon can perforate into an inguinal hernia sac

ニュウジ キュウセイ カンフゼン ニ タイスル セイタイ カン イショク ノ ケントウ : ゲンイン フメイ ショウレイ ノ ヨゴ エ ノ エイキョウ

京都大学0048新制・論文博士博士(医学)乙第12246号論医博第1962号新制||医||970(附属図書館)UT51-2008-L171京都大学大学院医学研究科外科系専攻(主査)教授 坂井 義治, 教授 福原 俊一, 教授 佐藤 俊哉学位規則第4条第2項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDA

Plant Temperature Sensors

Temperature is one of the most important environmental signals for plants. High and low temperatures have a variety of effects that affect plant growth and development profoundly. Further, temperature is an indication of seasonal change. Plants must survive under severe conditions in winter and prepare to resume growth and reach their reproductive stage in the following spring. Recent studies have focused on plant mechanisms responsible for sensing temperature and the molecular systems underlying plant reactions in response to this signal. In this review, we describe how plants sense ambient temperature to adapt to ambient-temperature changes

SOG1 homologues regulate DNA-damage responses in Physcomitrella patens.

A NAC-type transcription factor SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE 1 (SOG1), found in seed plants, is a master regulator for DNA damage responses (DDR). Upon DNA damage, SOG1 is phosphorylated by the ATM, a conserved Ser/Thr kinase in both animal and plant kingdoms. Then it regulates the expression of a large number of downstream DDR genes. To know the origin of DDR network in land plants, we searched for a homologue(s) of SOG1 in a moss Physcomitrella patens and identified PpSOG1a and PpSOG1b. To assess if either of them, or both, function(s) in DDR, we established knockout plant lines via CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Although neither sog1a nor sog1b single mutant showed obviously notable phenotypes, the double knockout sog1a sog1b plants showed reduced expression of DNA-repair genes after gamma-irradiation. The double mutant also showed resistance to several DNA-damaging treatments as similarly seen in Arabidopsis sog1 plants. These results suggest that PpSOG1a and PpSOG1b work redundantly on DDR response in P. patens, and also that the plant specific DDR system had been established prior to the emerging of vascular plants.第62回日本植物生理学会年

SOG1, a plant-specific master regulator of DNA damage responses, originated from nonvascular land plants

The suppressor of gamma response 1 (SOG1), a NAM, ATAF1, 2, and CUC2 (NAC)-type transcription factor found in seed plants, is a master regulator of DNA damage responses (DDRs). Upon DNA damage, SOG1 regulates the expression of downstream DDR genes. To know the origin of the DDR network in land plants, we searched for a homolog(s) of SOG1 in a moss Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens and identified PpSOG1a and PpSOG1b. To assess if either or both of them function(s) in DDR, we knocked out the PpSOG1s using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing and analyzed the responses to DNA-damaging treatments. The double-knockout (KO) sog1a sog1b plants showed resistance to γ-rays, bleomycin, and ultraviolet B (UVB) treatments similarly seen in Arabidopsis sog1 plants. Next, we irradiated wild-type (WT) and KO plants with γ-rays and analyzed the whole transcriptome to examine the effect on the expression of DDR genes. The results revealed that many P. patens genes involved in the checkpoint, DNA repair, replication, and cell cycle-related genes were upregulated after γ-irradiation, which was not seen in sog1a sog1b plants. These results suggest that PpSOG1a and PpSOG1b work redundantly on DDR response in P. patens; in addition, plant-specific DDR systems had been established before the emergence of vascular plants

Effects of Methane Hydrate Saturation and Confining Pressure on Strain-Rate Dependence of Artificial Methane-Hydrate-Bearing Sediment in Triaxial Compression Test

In this study, drained triaxial compression tests were conducted on artificial methane-hydrate-bearing sediment samples under various conditions of methane hydrate saturation and confining pressure. During the axial loading in the tests, the strain rate was alternated between 2 predetermined rates that were recommended in an earlier work. On the basis of the results, we examined the effects of methane hydrate saturation and confining pressure on the strain-rate dependence of triaxial compressive strength

Effects of Methane Hydrate Saturation and Confining Pressure on Strain-Rate Dependence of Artificial Methane-Hydrate-Bearing Sediment in Triaxial Compression Test

In this study, drained triaxial compression tests were conducted on artificial methane-hydrate-bearing sediment samples under various conditions of methane hydrate saturation and confining pressure. During the axial loading in the tests, the strain rate was alternated between 2 predetermined rates that were recommended in an earlier work. On the basis of the results, we examined the effects of methane hydrate saturation and confining pressure on the strain-rate dependence of triaxial compressive strength