Heterozygosity (H), Fixation Index(F), & Panmictic Index (P) for the Ethnic Groups computed from 2 polymorphic Loci.

<p>High heterozygosity & panmictic index has been noted for the Amhara ethnic group, indicating higher diversity. Lower values for heterozygosity in the other groups in turn indicate more homogeneity of these groups.</p><p>Heterozygosity (H), Fixation Index(F), & Panmictic Index (P) for the Ethnic Groups computed from 2 polymorphic Loci.</p

Fingerprint pattern & ridge count distributions among the ABO & Rh blood types, and among the two sexes.

<p>Fingerprint patterns differences were significant for the ABO blood types, with the AB blood type scoring the highest Arch frequencies, and the B blood type individuals scoring higher Whorl & lower Loop frequencies. Rh blood types showed little differences for both variables. Pattern differences between the sexes were minimal. Males scored higher ridge counts on all 3 variables.</p><p>^a Arch.</p><p>^b Loop.</p><p>^c Whorl.</p><p>^d Degrees of Freedom.</p><p>^e Significance.</p><p>Fingerprint pattern & ridge count distributions among the ABO & Rh blood types, and among the two sexes.</p

Distance Matrix generated as Nei’s standard D_A distance from 7 polymorphic loci.

<p>The two Semitic groups (Amhara & Tigray) have been shown to be less distant (0.010), while the Nilo-Saharan Berta and the Cushitic Berta were found to be the most distant. Distances between the Cushitic & semitic, as well as the Omotic groups, all under the Afro-Asiatic Cluster, were relatively insignificant.</p><p>Distance Matrix generated as Nei’s standard D_A distance from 7 polymorphic loci.</p

Fingerprint pattern and ridge count distributions among the ethnic groups.

<p>The Nilo-Saharan Berta group manifested significantly higher Arches. The two Semitic groups manifested comparable frequencies for all three pattern types, as have the Cushitic & Omotic representatives. Loops were found in highest percentages among the Semitics, while the least frequencies were observed for the Oromos. Whorls on the other hand were recorded in the highest frequencies for the Oromos. Regarding the TFRC, ARC, & RRC distributions, the Oromos manifested the highest values, while the Bertas recorded the lowest values, coinciding with the high whorl & arch patterns respectively in the two groups.</p><p>^a Sample Size.</p><p>^b Arch.</p><p>^c Loop.</p><p>^d Whorl.</p><p>^e Degrees of Freedom.</p><p>^f Significance.</p><p>Fingerprint pattern and ridge count distributions among the ethnic groups.</p

Mean allelic frequencies with their variance & Wahlund’s <i>f</i> estimates for the Ethnic Groups computed from seven polymorphic fingerprint pattern related Loci.

<p>The estimations have revealed that both the individual values, as well as the mean values for Wahlund’s variance (f) are generally high for the sampled population.</p><p>Mean allelic frequencies with their variance & Wahlund’s <i>f</i> estimates for the Ethnic Groups computed from seven polymorphic fingerprint pattern related Loci.</p

Neighbour Joining Tree for the studied groups.

<p>The relative similarity between the studied groups inferred from the inheritance model of Slatis [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0126897#pone.0126897.ref016" target="_blank">16</a>] & pattern frequencies. The two Semitic groups (Amhara, Tigray) have clustered out together, as have the Cushitic (Oromo) group that fall under a broader cluster of the Afro-Asiatics. The Nilo-Saharan Berta group, being from a different linguistic family, has clustered out separately.</p

The three basic fingerprint patterns: from left to right- Loop, Whorl, and Arch fingerprint pattern types.

<p>Ridge counts are determined by drawing lines that connect the core/centre of the patterns with the respective delta (triradius), thus yielding two ridge counts for the whorls, one for the loops, and none for the arches (since they lack a delta).</p

African Genomic Medicine Training Initiative (AGMT)

The aim of this Professional Development Course was to provide genomics and genetics education to Nurses, Medical Doctors and Pathologists/Medical Laboratory Scientists & Technicians based in Africa. This course was provided free of charge - there was no cost associated with hosting a classroom for AGMT_2022. Further, attendance for participants and volunteer staff must be completely free-of-charge. If classrooms have running costs, they need to find alternate ways to cover these costs.  AGMT was launched in May 2016, in Senegal, by a group of stakeholders from the H3Africa Consortium and the AfSHG. AGMT course has successfully delivered a genomic medicine course to Nurses in 2017 and 2019. The 2022 iteration will deliver a genomic medicine course not only to Nurses but to Medical Doctors, Pathologists/Medical Laboratory Scientists and Technicians. There is a continuous need for genomic medicine across Africa from various health professionals. AGMT is working towards meeting this demand and accommodating different health professionals in addition to the group that it is currently accommodating.  The 1st AGMT iteration was run in 2017 with 19 classrooms in 11 countries, 1 online class, 225 students registered! The 2nd iteration was run in 2019 with 22 classrooms in 13 countries, 1 online class, 294 students registered. The 3rd iteration was run in 2022 with 24 classrooms (1 face-to-face, 3 blended and 20 online) in 11 countries and more than 800 participants with 261 students officially passing the course.</p