56 research outputs found

    Highly efficient, dual state emission from an organic semiconductor

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    We report highly efficient, simultaneous fluorescence and phosphorescence (74% yield) at room temperature from a single molecule ensemble of (BzP)PB dispersed into a polymer host. The slow phosphorescence (208 ms lifetime) is very efficient (50%) at room temperature and only possible because the non-radiative rate for the triplet state is extremely low. The ability of an organic molecule to function as an efficient dual state emitter at room temperature is unusual and opens new fields of applications including the use as broadband down-conversion emitters, optical sensors and attenuators, exciton probes, and spin-independent intermediates for F\"orster resonant energy transfer

    Age-dependent alterations of monocyte subsets and monocyte-related chemokine pathways in healthy adults

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Recent experimental approaches have unraveled essential migratory and functional differences of monocyte subpopulations in mice. In order to possibly translate these findings into human physiology and pathophysiology, human monocyte subsets need to be carefully revisited in health and disease. In analogy to murine studies, we hypothesized that human monocyte subsets dynamically change during ageing, potentially influencing their functionality and contributing to immunosenescence.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Circulating monocyte subsets, surface marker and chemokine receptor expression were analyzed in 181 healthy volunteers (median age 42, range 18-88). Unlike the unaffected total leukocyte or total monocyte counts, non-classical CD14<sup>+</sup>CD16<sup>+ </sup>monocytes significantly increased with age, but displayed reduced HLA-DR and CX<sub>3</sub>CR1 surface expression in the elderly. Classical CD14<sup>++</sup>CD16<sup>- </sup>monocyte counts did not vary dependent on age. Serum MCP-1 (CCL2), but not MIP1α (CCL3), MIP1β (CCL4) or fractalkine (CX<sub>3</sub>CL1) concentrations increased with age. Monocyte-derived macrophages from old or young individuals did not differ with respect to cytokine release <it>in vitro </it>at steady state or upon LPS stimulation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our study demonstrates dynamic changes of circulating monocytes during ageing in humans. The expansion of the non-classical CD14<sup>+</sup>CD16<sup>+ </sup>subtype, alterations of surface protein and chemokine receptor expression as well as circulating monocyte-related chemokines possibly contribute to the preserved functionality of the monocyte pool throughout adulthood.</p

    Linear Frequency Domain Method For Aerodynamic Applications

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    Applications such as load alleviation involve a wide range of parameters including a multitude of different Mach numbers, angles of attack and load cases and therefore create the demand for rapid prediction of unsteady air loads. First, there is a need for an enhanced prediction accuracy including viscous effects and shocks for a more reliable judgement of aerodynamic behavior compared to the classically-used methods based on the potential theory for such applications. Secondly, short turnaround times must be guaranteed, and this in turn means to find a suitable replacement of the tedious and time-consuming un- steady Navier-Stokes solvers. Driven by these requirements for accurate and fast prediction of air loads, a time-linearized unsteady Navier-Stokes method was developed also known as linear frequency domain method (LFD). The LFD in the DLRs TAU suite is based on the modeling of a damped harmonic oscillator, and it has been shown to be accurate and efficient for the evaluation of unsteady air loads at transonic and partly separated flow conditions [1]. Since then, the LFD method has been continuously extended and applied for various applications. The scope of target applications of the LFD has been growing consistently including different topics in aeroelasticity, where the determined surface pressure and surface skin friction distributions make an important contribution. Moreover, the time-linearized method can also be used for the efficient evaluation of flight dynamic (flight mechanical) characteristics relevant for the stability and control behavior of an aircraft. Furthermore, gust loads were successfully predicted which are important for structural and control surface design [2, 3] as well as control system performance. A recent and demanding application was the extension of the LFD method for fluidic actuators. Thus, the LFD was adopted for simulating pulsating blowing to avoid the enormously long transient phase inherently occurring during time-marching Navier-Stokes simulations. Several applications involving industrial relevant configurations are presented and discussed to outline the maturity of the method and to demonstrate the versatility of the technique

    Эколого-биогеохимическая оценка территории г. Улан-Удэ по данным изучения листьев тополя

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    Цель: провести эколого-биогеохимическую оценку состояния территории г. Улан-Удэ по данным изучения листьев тополя и выявить возможные источники рассеяния химических элементов в атмосферном воздухе с помощью биогеохимических исследований. Объект исследования: листья тополя бальзамического (Populus Balsamifera L.) Предмет исследования: химический и минеральный состав листьев тополя на территории г. Улан-Удэ. Пробы отобраны в августе 2014 года по равномерной сети опробования 2*2 км. В период 2016-2017 г. проведён инструментальный нейтронно-активационный и атомно-абсорбционный анализ проб. В 2020-2021 г. проведены электронно-микроскопические исследования минерального состава листвы тополя и рентгенофазовый анализ золы листьев.Purpose: to conduct an ecological and biogeochemical assessment of the state of the territory of Ulan-Ude based on the study of poplar leaves and to identify possible sources of dispersion of chemical elements in the atmospheric air using biogeochemical studies. Object of research: balsamic poplar leaves (Populus Balsamifera L.) Subject of research: chemical and mineral composition of poplar leaves on the territory of Ulan-Ude. The samples were taken in August 2014 using a uniform sampling network of 2*2 km. In the period 2016-2017, instrumental neutron activation and atomic absorption analysis was conducted. In 2020-2021, electron microscopic studies of the mineral composition of poplar foliage and X-ray phase analysis of leaf ash were conducted

    Group eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in chronic pain patients

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    The prevalence of chronic pain is increasing, and conventional pain therapies often have limited efficacy in individuals with high levels of psychological distress and a history of trauma. In this context, the use of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), an evidence-based psychotherapy approach for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder, is becoming increasingly important. EMDR shows promising results, particularly for patients with pain and high levels of emotional distress. Although group therapy is becoming increasingly popular in pain management, EMDR has mainly been studied as an individual treatment. However, a systematic review suggests that group therapy can be an effective tool for improving mental health outcomes, especially when trauma is addressed together. Based on these findings, an outpatient EMDR group program was developed for patients with chronic pain. The program consists of a total of four treatment days with 5–5.5 h therapy sessions each day and provides patients with a supportive environment in which they can learn effective pain management strategies and interact with other patients with similar experiences. Initial pilot evaluations indicate high efficacy and adequate safety for patients with chronic pain

    Interleukin-8 Is Activated in Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases and Associated with Hepatic Macrophage Accumulation in Human Liver Fibrosis

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    BACKGROUND: Interleukin-8 (IL-8, CXCL8) is a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils and contributes to acute liver inflammation. Much less is known about IL-8 in chronic liver diseases (CLD), but elevated levels were reported from alcoholic and hepatitis C-related CLD. We investigated the regulation of IL-8, its receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 and possible IL-8 responding cells in CLD patients. METHODOLOGY: Serum IL-8 levels were measured in CLD patients (n = 200) and healthy controls (n = 141). Intrahepatic IL-8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 gene expression was quantified from liver samples (n = 41), alongside immunohistochemical neutrophil (MPO) and macrophage (CD68) stainings. CXCR1 and CXCR2 expression was analyzed on purified monocytes from patients (n = 111) and controls (n = 31). In vitro analyses explored IL-8 secretion by different leukocyte subsets. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: IL-8 serum levels were significantly increased in CLD patients, especially in end-stage cirrhosis. Interestingly, patients with cholestatic diseases exhibited highest IL-8 serum concentrations. IL-8 correlated with liver function, inflammatory cytokines and non-invasive fibrosis markers. Intrahepatically, IL-8 and CXCR1 expression were strongly up-regulated. However, intrahepatic IL-8 could only be associated to neutrophil infiltration in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). In non-cholestatic cirrhosis, increased IL-8 and CXCR1 levels were associated with hepatic macrophage accumulation. In line, CXCR1, but not CXCR2 or CXCR3, expression was increased on circulating monocytes from cirrhotic patients. Moreover, monocyte-derived macrophages from CLD patients, especially the non-classical CD16⁺ subtype, displayed enhanced IL-8 secretion in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: IL-8 is strongly activated in CLD, thus likely contributing to hepatic inflammation. Our study suggests a novel role of IL-8 for recruitment and activation of hepatic macrophages via CXCR1 in human liver cirrhosis

    Functional Contribution of Elevated Circulating and Hepatic Non-Classical CD14+CD16+ Monocytes to Inflammation and Human Liver Fibrosis

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    BACKGROUND: Monocyte-derived macrophages critically perpetuate inflammatory responses after liver injury as a prerequisite for organ fibrosis. Experimental murine models identified an essential role for the CCR2-dependent infiltration of classical Gr1/Ly6C(+) monocytes in hepatic fibrosis. Moreover, the monocyte-related chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR5 were recently recognized as important fibrosis modulators in mice. In humans, monocytes consist of classical CD14(+)CD16(-) and non-classical CD14(+)CD16(+) cells. We aimed at investigating the relevance of monocyte subpopulations for human liver fibrosis, and hypothesized that 'non-classical' monocytes critically exert inflammatory as well as profibrogenic functions in patients during liver disease progression. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We analyzed circulating monocyte subsets from freshly drawn blood samples of 226 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and 184 healthy controls by FACS analysis. Circulating monocytes were significantly expanded in CLD-patients compared to controls with a marked increase of the non-classical CD14(+)CD16(+) subset that showed an activated phenotype in patients and correlated with proinflammatory cytokines and clinical progression. Correspondingly, CD14(+)CD16(+) macrophages massively accumulated in fibrotic/cirrhotic livers, as evidenced by immunofluorescence and FACS. Ligands of monocyte-related chemokine receptors CCR2, CCR1 and CCR5 were expressed at higher levels in fibrotic and cirrhotic livers, while CCL3 and CCL4 were also systemically elevated in CLD-patients. Isolated monocyte/macrophage subpopulations were functionally characterized regarding cytokine/chemokine expression and interactions with primary human hepatic stellate cells (HSC) in vitro. CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes released abundant proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, CD14(+)CD16(+), but not CD14(+)CD16(-) monocytes could directly activate collagen-producing HSC. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our data demonstrate the expansion of CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes in the circulation and liver of CLD-patients upon disease progression and suggest their functional contribution to the perpetuation of intrahepatic inflammation and profibrogenic HSC activation in liver cirrhosis. The modulation of monocyte-subset recruitment into the liver via chemokines/chemokine receptors and their subsequent differentiation may represent promising approaches for therapeutic interventions in human liver fibrosis

    Evolutionary routes and KRAS dosage define pancreatic cancer phenotypes.

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    The poor correlation of mutational landscapes with phenotypes limits our understanding of the pathogenesis and metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here we show that oncogenic dosage-variation has a critical role in PDAC biology and phenotypic diversification. We find an increase in gene dosage of mutant KRAS in human PDAC precursors, which drives both early tumorigenesis and metastasis and thus rationalizes early PDAC dissemination. To overcome the limitations posed to gene dosage studies by the stromal richness of PDAC, we have developed large cell culture resources of metastatic mouse PDAC. Integration of cell culture genomes, transcriptomes and tumour phenotypes with functional studies and human data reveals additional widespread effects of oncogenic dosage variation on cell morphology and plasticity, histopathology and clinical outcome, with the highest KrasMUTlevels underlying aggressive undifferentiated phenotypes. We also identify alternative oncogenic gains (Myc, Yap1 or Nfkb2), which collaborate with heterozygous KrasMUTin driving tumorigenesis, but have lower metastatic potential. Mechanistically, different oncogenic gains and dosages evolve along distinct evolutionary routes, licensed by defined allelic states and/or combinations of hallmark tumour suppressor alterations (Cdkn2a, Trp53, Tgfβ-pathway). Thus, evolutionary constraints and contingencies direct oncogenic dosage gain and variation along defined routes to drive the early progression of PDAC and shape its downstream biology. Our study uncovers universal principles of Ras-driven oncogenesis that have potential relevance beyond pancreatic cancer.The work was supported by the German Cancer Consortium Joint Funding Program, the Helmholtz Gemeinschaft (PCCC Consortium), the German Research Foundation (SFB1243; A13/A14) and the European Research Council (ERC CoG number 648521)
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