Labour market outcomes after vocational training in Germany : equal opportunities for migrants and natives?

"German in-firm vocational training combines training on the job and learning in vocational schools. The so called 'dual system' absorbs roughly two thirds of German school leavers every year. After between two and four years of standardized training, it provides them with a generally accepted qualification in a wide range of occupations. Using Spence's Signaling Theory, hypotheses are derived concerning different labour market outcomes of foreigners who successfully completed an in-firm vocational training course and their German counterparts. The integration potential of the dual system is tested empirically according to its risk factors unemployment, occupational mismatch and skill mismatch using longitudinal registration data (1977-2004). Different nationalities are compared with Germans with respect to their first employment after leaving the dual system. Today, most of the young migrants who go through the dual system are as successful on the labour market as Germans. In-firm vocational training apparently provides migrant youth with the skills and techniques necessary for a successful transition to the labour market. However, they have restricted transition chances due to having higher unemployment rates, occupational mismatch and skill mismatch. But even if we control for relevant variables that determine transition chances, restrictions at labour market entry still remain for individual nationalities: compared to Germans, migrant men and especially migrant women have a higher risk of unemployment and occupational mismatch." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) Additional Information Hier finden Sie eine deutschsprachige Kurzfassung des Beitrags.Jugendliche, ausländische Jugendliche, Berufseinmündung, betriebliche Berufsausbildung, Arbeitsmarktchancen, Ausbildungsabsolventen

Frühe Flexibilisierung? Regionale Mobilität nach der Lehrausbildung in Deutschland zwischen 1977 und 2004

"This paper examines if and to what extend regional mobility has increased after finishing vocational in-firm training between 1977 and 2004. Particular interest is given to the importance of regional mobility for occupational continuity at labor market entry. Can mobility lower the probability of occupational shifts so that human capital investments are not written off early? Can regional mobility in this sense be used as a strategy to optimize labor market opportunities and has it become more important over time? Analyses show that regional mobility can indeed be used strategically to find jobs in the occupation trained for. Its importance, however, is limited and has not changed over time significantly. Nevertheless, mobility improves the fit between actual occupation and the one trained for." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))regionale Mobilität, Berufsausbildung, Ausbildungsabsolventen, Berufseinmündung, Berufswechsel, Arbeitsmarktchancen, Ausbildungsberufe, zweite Schwelle

Labour market outcomes after vocational training in Germany: equal opportunities for migrants and natives?

"German in-firm vocational training combines training on the job and learning in vocational schools. The so called 'dual system' absorbs roughly two thirds of German school leavers every year. After between two and four years of standardized training, it provides them with a generally accepted qualification in a wide range of occupations. Using Spence's Signaling Theory, hypotheses are derived concerning different labour market outcomes of foreigners who successfully completed an in-firm vocational training course and their German counterparts. The integration potential of the dual system is tested empirically according to its risk factors unemployment, occupational mismatch and skill mismatch using longitudinal registration data (1977-2004). Different nationalities are compared with Germans with respect to their first employment after leaving the dual system. Today, most of the young migrants who go through the dual system are as successful on the labour market as Germans. In-firm vocational training apparently provides migrant youth with the skills and techniques necessary for a successful transition to the labour market. However, they have restricted transition chances due to having higher unemployment rates, occupational mismatch and skill mismatch. But even if we control for relevant variables that determine transition chances, restrictions at labour market entry still remain for individual nationalities: compared to Germans, migrant men and especially migrant women have a higher risk of unemployment and occupational mismatch." (author's abstract

Frühe Flexibilisierung: regionale Mobilität nach der Lehrausbildung in Deutschland zwischen 1977 und 2004

"In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, ob und inwieweit regionale Mobilität nach der Lehrausbildung im Zeitverlauf (1977-2004) zugenommen hat. Dabei geht es insbesondere um die Frage, welche Bedeutung regionale Mobilität für die berufliche Kontinuität am Übergang von der Ausbildung in die Beschäftigung hat. Kann sie dazu beitragen, Berufswechsel und damit eine Entwertung der erworbenen Qualifikationen zu verhindern? Hat regionale Mobilität in diesem Sinne als Strategie zur Sicherung der Berufseinstiegschancen von Ausbildungsabsolventen über die Zeit an Bedeutung gewonnen? Die Berufseinstiegsanalysen, die in dieser Untersuchung mit Hilfe der Beschäftigten- und Leistungsempfängerhistorik des IAB durchgeführt werden, zeigen, dass regionale Mobilität durchaus strategisch eingesetzt werden kann, wenn es darum geht, eine Tätigkeit im erlernten Beruf zu erlangen. Zwar ist im Zeitverlauf keine Zunahme der Bedeutung der regionalen Mobilität für Ausbildungsabsolventen zu beobachten. Auch senkt regionale Mobilität die Berufwechselwahrscheinlichkeit nur in begrenztem Umfang. Dennoch führt sie insgesamt zu einem erkennbar besseren Fit zwischen erlerntem und ausgeübten Beruf." [Autorenreferat

Does higher education help immigrants find a job? : A survival analysis

"We analyse the role that education signals play in the transition rates from unemployment to finding a job. We compare the results for Ethnic Germans with those for foreigners from the same origin countries and Native Germans. In the first case, the two have the same labour market access but different migration backgrounds. In the second case, the migration background is similar, but labour market access is not. We find that Ethnic Germans fare better than foreigners because more of them are able to accredit their foreign degrees and hence can apply for a job as a medium- or high-skilled individual which both have faster transition rates than the low-skilled. However, both foreigners and Ethnic Germans with accredited degrees have similar transition rates. Finally, if education signals are acquired in Germany, the differences between all three groups vanish more or less completely." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))Aussiedler, berufliche Reintegration, Migranten, Deutscher, Arbeitsmarktchancen, Aussiedlerpolitik, Bildungsabschluss - Anerkennung, Integrierte Erwerbsbiografien

General Equilibrium Effects of Insurance Expansions: Evidence from Long-Term Care Labor Markets

Arrow (1963) hypothesized that demand-side moral hazard induced by health insurance leads to supply-side expansions in healthcare markets. Capturing these effects empirically has been challenging, as non-marginal insurance expansions are rare and detailed data on healthcare labor and capital is sparse. We combine administrative labor market data with the geographic variation in the rollout of a universal insurance program—the introduction of long-term care (LTC) insurance in Germany in 1995—to document a substantial expansion of the inpatient LTC labor market in response to insurance expansion. A 10 percentage point expansion in the share of insured elderly leads to 0.05 (7%) more inpatient LTC firms and four (13%) more workers per 1,000 elderly in Germany. Wages did not rise, but the quality of newly hired workers declined. We find suggestive evidence of a reduction in old-age mortality. Using a machine learning algorithm, we characterize counterfactual labor market biographies of potential inpatient LTC hires, finding that the reform moved workers into LTC jobs from unemployment and out of the labor force rather than from other sectors of the economy. We estimate that employing these additional workers in LTC is socially efficient if patients value the care provided by these workers at least at 25% of the market price for care. We show conceptually that, in the spirit of Harberger (1971), in a second-best equilibrium in which supply-side labor markets do not clear at perfectly competitive wages, subsidies for healthcare consumption along with the associated demand-side moral hazard can be welfare-enhancing

In Further Search of Explanations… Comments to "In Search of an Explanation for the Specific Labor Market Disadvantages of Second Generation Turkish Migrant Children" by Frank Kalter (ZfS 2/2006)

Kein Abstract vorhandenNo abstract availabl

Regionale Mobilität von Auszubildenden in Berlin-Brandenburg

REGIONALE MOBILITÄT VON AUSZUBILDENDEN IN BERLIN-BRANDENBURG Regionale Mobilität von Auszubildenden in Berlin-Brandenburg / Hapke, Peter (Rights reserved) ( -

Application oriented failure modeling and characterization for polymers in automotive pedestrian protection

In the development process of automotive pedestrian protection (PedPro) for upper- and lower leg impact, the failure of polymer components plays an important role. To influence impact kinematics, fractures can either be advantageous or undesirable. Simulation based design is a challenge for material modeling and hence characterization, particularly for failure of polymer components. An application-oriented concept for failure modeling in FEM simulations of polymer components in pedestrian protection is presented. The boundary conditions for polymer failure in PedPro are investigated. Failure models are evaluated and selected by referring to special component tests, scanning-electron microscopy (SEM) of failure areas and simulative analysis of continuum mechanical parameters. The approach of capturing the material’s behavior and consecutive modeling including parametrization is presented as well. Here a polymer blend (PC-PET) is exemplarily characterized in the highly dynamic domain. This is mainly done by using innovative pendulum tests. The parametrization of a modified Bai-Wierzbicki failure approach is performed by a numerical optimization process. The model validation is done with more complex test samples by pendulum testing.