Liability Issue of Domestic Drones

Liability Issue of Domestic Drone

Interferometric Neural Networks

On the one hand, artificial neural networks have many successful applications in the field of machine learning and optimization. On the other hand, interferometers are integral parts of any field that deals with waves such as optics, astronomy, and quantum physics. Here, we introduce neural networks composed of interferometers and then build generative adversarial networks from them. Our networks do not have any classical layer and can be realized on quantum computers or photonic chips. We demonstrate their applicability for combinatorial optimization, image classification, and image generation. For combinatorial optimization, our network consistently converges to the global optimum or remains within a narrow range of it. In multi-class image classification tasks, our networks achieve accuracies of 93% and 83%. Lastly, we show their capability to generate images of digits from 0 to 9 as well as human faces.Comment: 11 page

Regulation of Herpetic Stromal Keratitis: Role of Regulatory T Cells

Herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) is an immunoinflammatory corneal lesion caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. One of the dire consequences of which is blindness resulting from tissue destructive immunopathological reaction in corneal stroma. The lesion is considered to be orchestrated mainly by CD4+ T cells of Th1 phenotype. Studies on two animal models viz. immunocompetent and immunodeficient, shed light on the issues on specificity of the cells which at least in immunocomprised TCR transgenic animals were shown to be activated in a bystander manner. However, initial infiltration by innate immune cells in response to replicating virus set the stage for the chronic inflammation in the corneal stroma. Paradoxically, these cells are also critical in the control of virus in the cornea. The first part (Part I) of this dissertation focuses on the understanding of HSV-1 induced immunoinflammatory processes in the cornea and trigeminal ganglia including the secondary lymphoid tissues and the involvement of regulatory mechanisms. The next three parts (Part II-IV) focus on the control of the inflammatory lesion and anti-inflammatory mechanisms that are activated following virus infection in the lymphoid organs and cornea. Results in Part II evaluate the immunotherapeutic potential of regulatory T cells in controlling the progression of the inflammatory lesions after ocular HSV infection. Results of the third section show that sequestration of T effector cells in the lymphoid organs and limited access to site of inflammation using a drug FTY720 after HSV infection resulted in diminished severity of SK and expansion of antigen-specific regulatory T cells that could contribute to the diminution of lesion severity. The fourth section describes the role of a previously unexplored inhibitory interaction between a Th1 specific cell surface marker, TIM-3 and its ligand galectin-9 in the causation of the viral induced corneal immunopathology. The administration of galectin-9 seemed to be an effective approach to terminate Th1 responses and promote regulatory cells activity thereby controlling the severity of lesions. In this study, experiments were designed to control the progression of the ongoing inflammatory reaction in the cornea in order to evaluate some of the therapeutic strategies for HSK

Implementation of International Law in Indian Legal System

This Article explores the general stance of international law and domestic legal orders regarding the legal effects of international law in the Indian domestic legal system. This Article argues that India has been a significant contributor to the field of international law. However, India remains reluctant to draft treaties that restrict free rein and that seek expressly to accord domestic courts a judicial enforcement role. This Article examines the implementation process of international law in the Indian domestic system and addresses the requirements imposed by international law. It critically examines the fundamental dichotomy in approaches at the domestic constitutional level that give legal effect to treaties to address the question of who has treaty-making power. This Article examines the role of the judiciary in the implementation of international law in India. Finally, this Article provides suggestions for the new legal framework for the better implementation of international law

Dental age estimation of Ajnala skeletal remains: A Forensic odontological study

  The bones and teeth encrypt huge biological, chemical and molecular information about past life events of an individual. Teeth often survive almost all sorts of destructions and degradations and thus, help reconstruct individual life histories for comparatively longer periods of time than other human osseous remains. Dental attrition is the gradual and patterned loss of dental tissues during natural mastication which generally increases with the advancing age of an individual. In present study, three hundred eighty-nine (N=389) mandibular molars (176 first and 213 second) collected from Ajnala skeletal assemblage and having intact anatomical features were considered for age estimations on the basis of their attrition levels using the average attrition stage (ASA) method proposed by Li and Ji (1-2). Thousands of unknown human skeletal remains were excavated non-scientifically from an abandoned well found underneath a religious structure at Ajnala, a north Indian suburb. The written accounts mentioned that 282 Indian-origin soldiers of the colonial army were killed in August 1857 and their corpses were dumped into the said abandoned well due to socio-political situations and sanitary reasons leading to their immediate burial (3-4). The mean age of the remains was estimated be around 34.5 and 33.6 years from Ajmal et al (2) and Li and Ji (1) regression models, respectively. Preliminary anthropological, radiological, chemical and molecular results have also revealed that the recovered human remains belonged to adult males. Though attrition patterns are population-specific, the regression equations generated from dental attrition stages of Indian subjects are expected to provide more representative and valid age estimates of Ajnala skeletal remains. Present study findings may not be sufficient enough for accurate age estimates of Ajnala remains for forensic purposes; these estimates may help in corroborative reconstruction of bio-archaeological information about these skeletal remains and may support age estimated from other analytical methods. Keywords: Forensic Odontology, Dental Attrition, Average Stage of Attrition, Age estimation </p

Some Bounds on the Double Domination of Signed Generalized Petersen Graphs and Signed I-Graphs

In a graph $G$, a vertex dominates itself and its neighbors. A subset $D \subseteq V(G)$ is a double dominating set of $G$ if $D$ dominates every vertex of $G$ at least twice. A signed graph $\Sigma = (G,\sigma)$ is a graph $G$ together with an assignment $\sigma$ of positive or negative signs to all its edges. A cycle in a signed graph is positive if the product of its edge signs is positive. A signed graph is balanced if all its cycles are positive. A subset $D \subseteq V(\Sigma)$ is a double dominating set of $\Sigma$ if it satisfies the following conditions: (i) $D$ is a double dominating set of $G$, and (ii) $\Sigma[D:V \setminus D]$ is balanced, where $\Sigma[D:V \setminus D]$ is the subgraph of $\Sigma$ induced by the edges of $\Sigma$ with one end point in $D$ and the other end point in $V \setminus D$. The cardinality of a minimum double dominating set of $\Sigma$ is the double domination number $\gamma_{\times 2}(\Sigma)$. In this paper, we give bounds for the double domination number of signed cubic graphs. We also obtain some bounds on the double domination number of signed generalized Petersen graphs and signed I-graphs.Comment: 13 page

Autosomal recessive infantile osteopetrosis: case report with radiological review

Autosomal recessive type of osteopetrosis or infantile malignant osteopetrosis is a rare congenital disorder of bone resorption characterised by generalised skeletal densification. Incidence is estimated around 1/2,00,000 live births. Osteopetrosis has been reported in most ethnic groups, although, as the disease is very rare, it is more frequently seen in ethnic groups where consanguinity is common. Bone marrow failure, fractures and visual impairment are the classical features of the disease, which begins in early infancy or in foetal life. It results from the failure of osteoclasts to resorb immature bone. This leads to abnormal bone marrow cavity formation and to the clinical signs and symptoms of bone marrow failure. It is accompanied by hepatosplenomegaly due to compensatory extramedullary hematopoiesis. Because of rarity of this type of osteopetrosis, we would like to report this case of a female child who presented with cough, fever and anemia at the age of 3 years