Classification feasibility test on multi-lead electrocardiography signals generated from single-lead electrocardiography signals

Abstract Nowadays, Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals can be measured using wearable devices, such as smart watches. Most wearable devices provide only a few details; however, they have the advantage of recording data in real time. In this study, 12-lead ECG signals were generated from lead I and their feasibility was tested to obtain more details. The 12-lead ECG signals were generated using a U-net-based generative adversarial network (GAN) that was trained on ECG data obtained from the Asan Medical Center. Subsequently, unseen PTB-XL PhysioNet data were used to produce real 12-lead ECG signals for classification. The generated and real 12-lead ECG signals were then compared using a ResNet classification model; and the normal, atrial fibrillation (A-fib), left bundle branch block (LBBB), right bundle branch block (RBBB), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) were classified. The mean precision, recall, and f1-score for the real 12-lead ECG signals are 0.70, 0.72, and 0.70, and that for the generated 12-lead ECG signals are 0.82, 0.80, and 0.81, respectively. In our study, according to the result generated 12-lead ECG signals performed better than real 12-lead ECG

Prediction of Ventricular Tachycardia by a Neural Network using Parameters of Heart Rate Variability

Abstract In this paper, we propose a classifier that can predict ventricular tachycardia (VT

Integration of a nanoporous platinum thin film into a microfluidic system for non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensing

In this paper, we describe an amperometric-type enzymeless glucose sensing system based on a nanoporous platinum (Pt) electrode embedded in a microfluidic chip. This microchip system is comprised of a microfluidic transport channel network and a miniaturized electrochemical cell for nonenzymatic glucose sensing. Sample and buffer solutions were transferred to the cell by programmed electroosmotic flow (EOF). A nanoporous Pt electrode with the roughness factor of 200.6 was utilized to determine glucose concentrations in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) by the direct oxidation of glucose, without any separation process. The sensitivity of the developed system is 1.65 microA cm-2 mM-1 in the glucose concentration range from 1-10 mM in PBS.This work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation through the Advanced Biometric Research Center (HCK) and by the grant No. R01-2006-000-10240-0 from the Basic Research Program of the Korea Science & Engineering Foundation (TDC)

Tele-monitoring system for intensive care ventilators in isolation rooms

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic and discovery of new mutant strains have a devastating impact worldwide. Patients with severe COVID-19 require various equipment, such as ventilators, infusion pumps, and patient monitors, and a dedicated medical team to operate and monitor the equipment in isolated intensive care units (ICUs). Medical staff must wear personal protective equipment to reduce the risk of infection. This study proposes a tele-monitoring system for isolation ICUs to assist in the monitoring of COVID-19 patients. The tele-monitoring system consists of three parts: medical-device panel image processing, transmission, and tele-monitoring. This system can monitor the ventilator screen with obstacles, receive and store data, and provide real-time monitoring and data analysis. The proposed tele-monitoring system is compared with previous studies, and the image combination algorithm for reconstruction is evaluated using structural similarity index (SSIM) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). The system achieves an SSIM score of 0.948 in the left side and a PSNR of 23.414 dB in the right side with no obstacles. It also reduces blind spots, with an SSIM score of 0.901 and a PSNR score of 18.13 dB. The proposed tele-monitoring system is compatible with both wired and wireless communication, making it accessible in various situations. It uses camera and performs live data monitoring, and the two monitoring systems complement each other. The system also includes a comprehensive database and an analysis tool, allowing medical staff to collect and analyze data on ventilator use, providing them a quick, at-a-glance view of the patient's condition. With the implementation of this system, patient outcomes may be improved and the burden on medical professionals may be reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic-like situations

Development of a Portable Respiratory Gas Analyzer for Measuring Indirect Resting Energy Expenditure (REE)

Objective. A rapidly growing home healthcare market has resulted in the development of many portable or wearable products. Most of these products measure, estimate, or calculate physiologic signals or parameters, such as step counts, blood pressure, or electrocardiogram. One of the most important applications in home healthcare is monitoring one’s metabolic state since the change of metabolic state could reveal minor or major changes in one’s health condition. A simple and noninvasive way to measure metabolism is through breath monitoring. With breath monitoring by breath gas analysis, two important indicators like the respiratory quotient (RQ) and resting energy exposure (REE) can be calculated. Therefore, we developed a portable respiratory gas analyzer for breath monitoring to monitor metabolic state, and the performance of the developed device was tested in a clinical trial. Approach. The subjects consisted of 40 healthy men and women. Subjects begin to measure exhalation gas using Vmax 29 for 15 minutes. After that, subjects begin to measure exhalation gas via the developed respiratory gas analyzer. Finally, the recorded data on the volume of oxygen (VO2), volume of carbon dioxide (VCO2), RQ, and REE were used to validate correlations between Vmax 29 and the developed respiratory gas analyzer. Results. The results showed that the root-mean-square errors (RMSE) values of VCO2, VO2, RQ, and REE are 0.0315, 0.0417, 0.504, and 0.127. Bland-Altman plots showed that most of the VCO2, VO2, RQ, and REE values are within 95% of the significance level. Conclusions. We have successfully developed and tested a portable respiratory gas analyzer for home healthcare. However, there are limitations of the clinical trial; the number of subjects is small in size, and the age and race of subjects are confined. The developed portable respiratory gas analyzer is a cost-efficient method for measuring metabolic state and a new application of home healthcare

SERS decoding of micro gold shells moving in microfluidic systems

In this study, in situ surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) decoding was demonstrated in microfluidic chips using novel thin micro gold shells modified with Raman tags. The micro gold shells were fabricated using electroless gold plating on PMMA beads with diameter of 15 pm. These shells were sophisticatedly optimized to produce the maximum SERS intensity, which minimized the exposure time for quick and safe decoding. The shell surfaces produced well-defined SERS spectra even at an extremely short exposure time, 1 ms, for a single micro gold shell combined with Raman tags such as 2-naphthalenethiol and benzenethiol. The consecutive SERS spectra from a variety of combinations of Raman tags were successfully acquired from the micro gold shells moving in 25 pm deep and 75 pm wide channels on a glass microfluidic chip. The proposed functionalized micro gold shells exhibited the potential of an on-chip microfluidic SERS decoding strategy for micro suspension array.This research was supported by the MKE (Ministry of Knowledge Economy), Korea, under the ITRC (Information Technology Research Center) support program supervised by the NIPA (National IT Industry Promotion Agency) (NIPA-2010- (C1090-1021-0003)). It was also supported by the Nano/ Bio Science & Technology Program (M10536090001– 05N3609–00110) of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) and the Converging Research Center Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2009-0093621).Piao L, 2010, ANAL CHEM, V82, P447, DOI 10.1021/ac901904vJehlicka J, 2009, J RAMAN SPECTROSC, V40, P1082, DOI 10.1002/jrs.2246Gellner M, 2009, ANAL BIOANAL CHEM, V394, P1839, DOI 10.1007/s00216-009-2868-8Sebba DS, 2009, ACS NANO, V3, P1477, DOI 10.1021/nn9003346Kim KB, 2009, ELECTROPHORESIS, V30, P1464, DOI 10.1002/elps.200800448Chon H, 2009, ANAL CHEM, V81, P3029, DOI 10.1021/ac802722cSanles-Sobrido M, 2009, J AM CHEM SOC, V131, P2699, DOI 10.1021/ja8088444Huh YS, 2009, J AM CHEM SOC, V131, P2208, DOI 10.1021/ja807526vLee W, 2008, BIOMED MICRODEVICES, V10, P813, DOI 10.1007/s10544-008-9196-1Baldelli S, 2008, CHEMPHYSCHEM, V9, P2291, DOI 10.1002/cphc.200800501Kudelski A, 2008, TALANTA, V76, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.02.042Banholzer MJ, 2008, CHEM SOC REV, V37, P885, DOI 10.1039/b710915fChun H, 2008, LAB CHIP, V8, P764, DOI 10.1039/b715229aKim EY, 2007, BIOCHIP J, V1, P102Joo S, 2007, SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM, V123, P1161, DOI 10.1016/j.snb.2006.10.069Pregibon DC, 2007, SCIENCE, V315, P1393, DOI 10.1126/science.1134929Jun BH, 2007, J COMB CHEM, V9, P237, DOI 10.1021/cc0600831Jin RC, 2006, SMALL, V2, P375, DOI 10.1002/smll.200500322Lee SJ, 2006, J AM CHEM SOC, V128, P2200, DOI 10.1021/ja0578350Wilson R, 2006, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V45, P6104, DOI 10.1002/anie.200600288Oh BK, 2006, SMALL, V2, P103, DOI 10.1002/smll.200500260Baker GA, 2005, ANAL BIOANAL CHEM, V382, P1751, DOI 10.1007/s00216-005-3353-7Abdelsalam ME, 2005, ELECTROCHEM COMMUN, V7, P740, DOI 10.1016/j.elecom.2005.04.028HAYNES CL, 2005, ANAL CHEM, V77, P338Su X, 2005, NANO LETT, V5, P49, DOI 10.1021/nl0484088Gao XH, 2004, ANAL CHEM, V76, P2406, DOI 10.1021/ac0354600Hurley JD, 2004, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V32, DOI 10.1093/nar/gnh187Haynes CL, 2003, J PHYS CHEM B, V107, P7426, DOI 10.1021/jp027749bBraeckmans K, 2003, NAT MATER, V2, P169, DOI 10.1038/nmat828Dejneka MJ, 2003, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V100, P389, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0236044100Kellar KL, 2002, EXP HEMATOL, V30, P1227Cao YWC, 2002, SCIENCE, V297, P1536Pham T, 2002, LANGMUIR, V18, P4915, DOI 10.1021/la015561yBraeckmans K, 2002, NAT REV DRUG DISCOV, V1, P447, DOI 10.1038/nrd817Chan WCW, 2002, CURR OPIN BIOTECH, V13, P40Doering WE, 2002, J PHYS CHEM B, V106, P311, DOI 10.1021/jp011730bNicewarner-Pena SR, 2001, SCIENCE, V294, P137Fenniri H, 2001, J AM CHEM SOC, V123, P8151, DOI 10.1021/ja016375hVaino AR, 2000, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V97, P7692Oldenburg SJ, 1999, J CHEM PHYS, V111, P4729Nie SM, 1997, SCIENCE, V275, P1102NICOLAOU KC, 1995, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V34, P2289

Impact of a custom-made 3D printed ergonomic grip for direct laryngoscopy on novice intubation performance in a simulated easy and difficult airway scenario-A manikin study.

Direct laryngoscopy using a Macintosh laryngoscope is the most widely used approach; however, this skill is not easy for novices and trainees. We evaluated the performance of novices using a laryngoscope with a three-dimensional (3D)-printed ergonomic grip on an airway manikin. Forty second-year medical students were enrolled. Endotracheal intubation was attempted using a conventional Macintosh laryngoscope with or without a 3D-printed ergonomic support grip. Primary outcomes were intubation time and overall success rate. Secondary outcomes were number of unsuccessful attempts, first-attempt success rate, airway Cormack-Lehane (CL) grade, and difficulty score. In the easy airway scenario, intubation time, and the overall success rate were similar between two group. CL grade and ease-of-use scores were significantly better for those using the ergonomic support grip (P < 0.05). In the difficult airway scenario, intubation time (49.7±37.5 vs. 35.5±29.2, P = 0.013), the first-attempt success rate (67.5% vs. 90%, P = 0.029), number of attempts (1.4±0.6 vs. 1.1±0.4, P = 0.006), CL grade (2 [2, 2] vs. 2 [1, 1], P = 0.012), and ease-of-use scores (3.5 [2, 4] vs. 4 [3, 5], P = 0.008) were significantly better for those using the ergonomic support grip. Linear mixed model analysis showed that the ergonomic support grip had a favorable effect on CL grade (P<0.001), ease-of-use scores (P<0.001), intubation time (P = 0.015), and number of intubation attempts (P = 0.029). Our custom 3D-printed ergonomic laryngoscope support grip improved several indicators related to the successful endotracheal intubation in the easy and difficult scenario simulated on an airway manikin. This grip may be useful for intubation training and practice

In-Channel Electrochemical Detection in the Middle of Microchannel under High Electric Field

We propose a new method for performing in-channel electrochemical detection under a high electric field using a polyelectrolytic gel salt bridge (PGSB) integrated in the middle of the electrophoretic separation channel. The finely tuned placement of a gold working electrode and the PGSB on an equipotential surface in the microchannel provided highly sensitive electrochemical detection without any deterioration in the separation efficiency or interference of the applied electric field. To assess the working principle, the open circuit potentials between gold working electrodes and the reference electrode at varying distances were measured in the microchannel under electrophoretic fields using an electrically isolated potentiostat. In addition, “in-channel” cyclic voltammetry confirmed the feasibility of electrochemical detection under various strengths of electric fields (∼400 V/cm). Effective separation on a microchip equipped with a PGSB under high electric fields was demonstrated for the electrochemical detection of biological compounds such as dopamine and catechol. The proposed “in-channel” electrochemical detection under a high electric field enables wider electrochemical detection applications in microchip electrophoresis