Prediction of Ventricular Tachycardia by a Neural Network using Parameters of Heart Rate Variability

Abstract In this paper, we propose a classifier that can predict ventricular tachycardia (VT

SERS decoding of micro gold shells moving in microfluidic systems

In this study, in situ surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) decoding was demonstrated in microfluidic chips using novel thin micro gold shells modified with Raman tags. The micro gold shells were fabricated using electroless gold plating on PMMA beads with diameter of 15 pm. These shells were sophisticatedly optimized to produce the maximum SERS intensity, which minimized the exposure time for quick and safe decoding. The shell surfaces produced well-defined SERS spectra even at an extremely short exposure time, 1 ms, for a single micro gold shell combined with Raman tags such as 2-naphthalenethiol and benzenethiol. The consecutive SERS spectra from a variety of combinations of Raman tags were successfully acquired from the micro gold shells moving in 25 pm deep and 75 pm wide channels on a glass microfluidic chip. The proposed functionalized micro gold shells exhibited the potential of an on-chip microfluidic SERS decoding strategy for micro suspension array.This research was supported by the MKE (Ministry of Knowledge Economy), Korea, under the ITRC (Information Technology Research Center) support program supervised by the NIPA (National IT Industry Promotion Agency) (NIPA-2010- (C1090-1021-0003)). It was also supported by the Nano/ Bio Science & Technology Program (M10536090001– 05N3609–00110) of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) and the Converging Research Center Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2009-0093621).Piao L, 2010, ANAL CHEM, V82, P447, DOI 10.1021/ac901904vJehlicka J, 2009, J RAMAN SPECTROSC, V40, P1082, DOI 10.1002/jrs.2246Gellner M, 2009, ANAL BIOANAL CHEM, V394, P1839, DOI 10.1007/s00216-009-2868-8Sebba DS, 2009, ACS NANO, V3, P1477, DOI 10.1021/nn9003346Kim KB, 2009, ELECTROPHORESIS, V30, P1464, DOI 10.1002/elps.200800448Chon H, 2009, ANAL CHEM, V81, P3029, DOI 10.1021/ac802722cSanles-Sobrido M, 2009, J AM CHEM SOC, V131, P2699, DOI 10.1021/ja8088444Huh YS, 2009, J AM CHEM SOC, V131, P2208, DOI 10.1021/ja807526vLee W, 2008, BIOMED MICRODEVICES, V10, P813, DOI 10.1007/s10544-008-9196-1Baldelli S, 2008, CHEMPHYSCHEM, V9, P2291, DOI 10.1002/cphc.200800501Kudelski A, 2008, TALANTA, V76, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.02.042Banholzer MJ, 2008, CHEM SOC REV, V37, P885, DOI 10.1039/b710915fChun H, 2008, LAB CHIP, V8, P764, DOI 10.1039/b715229aKim EY, 2007, BIOCHIP J, V1, P102Joo S, 2007, SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM, V123, P1161, DOI 10.1016/j.snb.2006.10.069Pregibon DC, 2007, SCIENCE, V315, P1393, DOI 10.1126/science.1134929Jun BH, 2007, J COMB CHEM, V9, P237, DOI 10.1021/cc0600831Jin RC, 2006, SMALL, V2, P375, DOI 10.1002/smll.200500322Lee SJ, 2006, J AM CHEM SOC, V128, P2200, DOI 10.1021/ja0578350Wilson R, 2006, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V45, P6104, DOI 10.1002/anie.200600288Oh BK, 2006, SMALL, V2, P103, DOI 10.1002/smll.200500260Baker GA, 2005, ANAL BIOANAL CHEM, V382, P1751, DOI 10.1007/s00216-005-3353-7Abdelsalam ME, 2005, ELECTROCHEM COMMUN, V7, P740, DOI 10.1016/j.elecom.2005.04.028HAYNES CL, 2005, ANAL CHEM, V77, P338Su X, 2005, NANO LETT, V5, P49, DOI 10.1021/nl0484088Gao XH, 2004, ANAL CHEM, V76, P2406, DOI 10.1021/ac0354600Hurley JD, 2004, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V32, DOI 10.1093/nar/gnh187Haynes CL, 2003, J PHYS CHEM B, V107, P7426, DOI 10.1021/jp027749bBraeckmans K, 2003, NAT MATER, V2, P169, DOI 10.1038/nmat828Dejneka MJ, 2003, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V100, P389, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0236044100Kellar KL, 2002, EXP HEMATOL, V30, P1227Cao YWC, 2002, SCIENCE, V297, P1536Pham T, 2002, LANGMUIR, V18, P4915, DOI 10.1021/la015561yBraeckmans K, 2002, NAT REV DRUG DISCOV, V1, P447, DOI 10.1038/nrd817Chan WCW, 2002, CURR OPIN BIOTECH, V13, P40Doering WE, 2002, J PHYS CHEM B, V106, P311, DOI 10.1021/jp011730bNicewarner-Pena SR, 2001, SCIENCE, V294, P137Fenniri H, 2001, J AM CHEM SOC, V123, P8151, DOI 10.1021/ja016375hVaino AR, 2000, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V97, P7692Oldenburg SJ, 1999, J CHEM PHYS, V111, P4729Nie SM, 1997, SCIENCE, V275, P1102NICOLAOU KC, 1995, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V34, P2289

Impact of a custom-made 3D printed ergonomic grip for direct laryngoscopy on novice intubation performance in a simulated easy and difficult airway scenario-A manikin study.

Direct laryngoscopy using a Macintosh laryngoscope is the most widely used approach; however, this skill is not easy for novices and trainees. We evaluated the performance of novices using a laryngoscope with a three-dimensional (3D)-printed ergonomic grip on an airway manikin. Forty second-year medical students were enrolled. Endotracheal intubation was attempted using a conventional Macintosh laryngoscope with or without a 3D-printed ergonomic support grip. Primary outcomes were intubation time and overall success rate. Secondary outcomes were number of unsuccessful attempts, first-attempt success rate, airway Cormack-Lehane (CL) grade, and difficulty score. In the easy airway scenario, intubation time, and the overall success rate were similar between two group. CL grade and ease-of-use scores were significantly better for those using the ergonomic support grip (P < 0.05). In the difficult airway scenario, intubation time (49.7±37.5 vs. 35.5±29.2, P = 0.013), the first-attempt success rate (67.5% vs. 90%, P = 0.029), number of attempts (1.4±0.6 vs. 1.1±0.4, P = 0.006), CL grade (2 [2, 2] vs. 2 [1, 1], P = 0.012), and ease-of-use scores (3.5 [2, 4] vs. 4 [3, 5], P = 0.008) were significantly better for those using the ergonomic support grip. Linear mixed model analysis showed that the ergonomic support grip had a favorable effect on CL grade (P<0.001), ease-of-use scores (P<0.001), intubation time (P = 0.015), and number of intubation attempts (P = 0.029). Our custom 3D-printed ergonomic laryngoscope support grip improved several indicators related to the successful endotracheal intubation in the easy and difficult scenario simulated on an airway manikin. This grip may be useful for intubation training and practice

In-Channel Electrochemical Detection in the Middle of Microchannel under High Electric Field

We propose a new method for performing in-channel electrochemical detection under a high electric field using a polyelectrolytic gel salt bridge (PGSB) integrated in the middle of the electrophoretic separation channel. The finely tuned placement of a gold working electrode and the PGSB on an equipotential surface in the microchannel provided highly sensitive electrochemical detection without any deterioration in the separation efficiency or interference of the applied electric field. To assess the working principle, the open circuit potentials between gold working electrodes and the reference electrode at varying distances were measured in the microchannel under electrophoretic fields using an electrically isolated potentiostat. In addition, “in-channel” cyclic voltammetry confirmed the feasibility of electrochemical detection under various strengths of electric fields (∼400 V/cm). Effective separation on a microchip equipped with a PGSB under high electric fields was demonstrated for the electrochemical detection of biological compounds such as dopamine and catechol. The proposed “in-channel” electrochemical detection under a high electric field enables wider electrochemical detection applications in microchip electrophoresis