El gamer portugués: caracterización y hábito deportivo (perspectiva de género) [The Portuguese gamer: characterization and sports habit (gender perspective)]

Resumen: Con el objetivo de caracterizar el perfil sociodemográfico y de gamer, y hábito deportivo de los/las gamers portugueses/as desde una perspectiva de género se realizó un cuestionario (N=413) en el evento de videojuegos celebrado en Braga, Portugal. Los resultados muestran que el gamer es predominantemente masculino (92.1%), estudiante (76.7%) y desempleado (76.9%), aunque los hombres son más jóvenes (menos de 20 años, 78.5%) respecto las mujeres (mayores de 20 años, 69.7%); los hombres tienen estudios más bajos (secundaria o inferior, 61.9%) respecto las mujeres (graduado o superior, 54.6%); y, los hombres reciben más retribución por jugar (50%) respecto las mujeres (6.1%). Atendiendo al perfil gamer, ambos entienden los videojuegos como entretenimiento (83.8%) y lo valoran como formación personal (87.1%), se identifican como gamer amateur (86.4%), dedican menos de 10h/semana de juego (55.1%) y siguen a streamers menos de 2h/día. La razón por la que empezaron a jugar (entretenimiento el 52.9% de los hombres y la competición el 36.4% de las mujeres) y la especialización de juego (estrategia/acción el 38.7% de los hombres y el retro el 57.6% de las mujeres) difiere según el género. Atendiendo los hábitos de práctica deportiva, las mujeres practican menos (42.4%) y los hombres practican más días a la semana; y reconocen beneficios en su rendimiento posterior en videojuegos (66.4%); las mujeres no realizan entrenamientos específicos para gamers (66.7%). Se concluye que estos datos evidencian las diferencias de perfiles según el género y la necesidad de desarrollar estrategias de promoción de la actividad física, así como desplegar acciones para adaptarse mejor a las necesidades de cada género. Abstract. With the aim of characterizing the sociodemographic and gamer profile, and sporting habits of Portuguese gamers from a gender perspective, a questionnaire (N=413) was carried out at the video game event held in Braga, Portugal. The results show that the gamer is predominantly male (92.1%), student (76.7%) and unemployed (76.9%), although men are younger (less than 20 years old, 78.5%) compared to women (over 20 years old, 69.7%); men have lower education (secondary school or less, 61.9%) compared to women (graduate or higher, 54.6%); and, men receive more compensation for playing (50%) compared to women (6.1%). Regarding the gamer profile, both understand videogames as entertainment (83.8%) and value it as personal training (87.1%), identify themselves as amateur gamers (86.4%), spend less than 10h/week playing games (55.1%) and continue to to streamers less than 2h/day. The reason they started playing (entertainment 52.9% of men and competition 36.4% of women) and game specialization (strategy/action 38.7% of men and retro 57.6% of women) ) differs by gender. Considering sports practice habits, women practice less (42.4%) and men practice more days a week; and recognize benefits in their subsequent performance in video games (66.4%); women do not perform specific training for gamers (66.7%). It is concluded that these data show the differences in profiles according to gender and the need to develop strategies to promote physical activity, as well as to deploy actions to better adapt to the needs of each gender

El deporte en el contexto militar: Un análisis nacional e internacional desde la perspectiva de la gestión deportiva (Sport in the military context: A national and international analysis from the perspective of sport management)

ABSTRACT. The regular practice of sport is today fully accepted as a condition for a more active life and healthier habits, as well as for a balanced physical and emotional well-being, assuming greater relevance in the military context and in the world peace between nations, where physical and psychological preparedness assumes special importance. The research aimed to explore military sport by analysing its main international characteristics, as well as to identify the socio-demographic profile of military personnel in the Portu-guese Armed Forces, their sports practice habits and opinion about the development of military sport in Portugal. Methodologically, it is a quantitative-descriptive study of an exploratory nature, in which, in addition to the research of several official documents, a questionnaire was applied to military personnel about their sportive habits, obtaining 566 valid answers. The results show a high number of member countries (n=140) in the organisation of international military sport, as well as sport disciplines developed (n=38) and participants in the events held, contrasting with a not very significant Portuguese participation. The main reasons are: (a) insufficient support for athletes; (b) infrastructures that do not offer the best training conditions; and (c) insufficient recognition by military institutions. Regarding the sport routines, it was found that 19.6% do not practice any physical activity at all. We conclude that despite the interest in participating in military sporting events, the portuguese military personnel reported the need for greater investment and promotion to encourage their participation. The need for greater openness from the military institutions themselves is another of the reasons mentioned for strengthening their training conditions and recognising the potential of military sport. RESUMEN. La práctica regular de deporte es hoy en día plenamente aceptada como condición para una vida más activa y la adopción de hábitos saludables, así como para un bienestar físico y emocional equilibrado, asumiendo mayor relevancia en el contexto militar y en el de la paz mundial entre las naciones donde la condición física y psicológica asume especial importancia. La investigación tuvo como objetivo explorar el deporte militar, analizando sus principales características internacionales, así como identificar el perfil sociodemográfico de los militares pertenecientes a las Fuerzas Armadas portuguesas, analizar sus hábitos de práctica deportiva y su opinión sobre el desarrollo del deporte militar en Portugal. Metodológicamente, es un estudio cuantitativo-descriptivo de carácter exploratorio, en que además de la pesquisa de diversos documentos oficiales, se aplicó un cuestionario al personal militar sobre hábi-tos deportivos, habiéndose obtenido 566 respuestas válidas. Los resultados muestran un elevado número de países miembros (n=140) en la organización del deporte militar internacional, así como modalidades deportivas desarrolladas (n=38) y participantes en los eventos celebrados, en contraste con una participación portuguesa poco significativa. Los motivos principales son: (a) insuficiente apoyo a los deportistas; b) infraestructuras que no ofrecen las mejores condiciones de entrenamiento; y c) insuficiente reconocimien-to por parte de las instituciones militares. Con respecto a los hábitos deportivos, se constató que 19,6% no practica ninguna actividad deportiva. Concluimos que, a pesar del interés por participar en eventos deportivos militares, los militares portugueses señalan la necesidad de una mayor inversión y promoción para fomentar su participación. La necesidad de una mayor apertura de las propias instituciones militares es otra de las razones mencionadas para potenciar sus condiciones de formación y reconocer el potencial del deporte militar

European Cities of Sport as a Strategic Policy for Local Development of Sports: A Perspective from Sports Management in the Last Decade

European sports policies have focused on the implementation of public instruments and policy measures, aiming to encourage EU member states to promote and improve sports habits, while simultaneously tackling high levels of sedentary lifestyle among Europeans. Despite these efforts, data concerning the various measures is quite limited, making it impossible to assess the real impact on the population, particularly in the case of the European Cities of Sport. This award has been held since 2007 and has already distinguished 193 cities; however, current knowledge does not allow researchers to theorise about its multiple impacts as a strategic policy instrument for the local development of sport in Europe, thus constituting a gap within sports management research. In order to further this knowledge, we explored European reality over a decade (2013–2022), analysing nine awards of Portuguese cities. We employed qualitative methods for documentary analysis of public information and descriptive statistics for data analysis. The results show that over 2 600 multidisciplinary events were organised, among which 402 had an international character (15%), an average of 50 sports disciplines per edition, 359 events related to culture and education, and involved over 1 000 000 participants, with an overall investment of over €39 million. This research now allows a theoretical-scientific and operational referential pattern of key indicators to be established for future European ECS applications, while demonstrating an encouraging relationship, from a sports perspective and economically, between public investment made and estimated return, thus contributing to better political decisions and to the positive implications of increasing public investment in sport

The impact of COVID-19 on physical activity on people who participate on running and cycling sporting events people in Spain and Portugal

UIDB/04647/2020 UIDP/04647/2020The aim of this article is to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on physical activity on people who participate on running and cycling sporting events people in Spain and Portugal. It was considered The situation of sports practice in Spain and Portugal prior to the outbreak of COVID-19, as both governments legislate to protect citizens from the pandemic and it was analyzed the consequences of these acts. A descriptive investigation was carried out using a questionnaire (N=2696) and descriptive statistical analysis according to characteristics and distribution (test of normality) of different variables: frequencies, average, maximum and minimum values, median and IQR. From the results, the following can be highlighted: a) almost complete coincidence between both countries, of the generic profile of the practitioners; the order, by percentage, of the variables, and even the percentages of each variable for four of the five dimensions analyzed; b) the dimension that differs the most is how practitioners in Spain and Portugal adapted during the confinement time, and c) at all times the respondents perceived that the adaptations would be temporary and it was a matter of a few months before they returned to the normality. These data allow to understand the effect of COVID-19 pandemic had on physical activity on people who participate on sporting events in the natural environment in Spain and Portugal.publishersversionpublishe