28 research outputs found
Grammar in Art
Jakobson (1959) reports: “The Russian painter Repin was baffled as to why Sin had been depicted as a woman by German artists: he did not realize that ‘sin’ is feminine in German (die Sünde), but masculine in Russian (rpex).” Does the grammatical gender of nouns in an artist's native language indeed predict the gender of personifications in art? In this paper we analyzed works in the ARTstor database (a digital art library containing over a million images) to measure this correspondence. This analysis provides a measure of artists’ real-world behavior. Our results show a clear correspondence between grammatical gender in language and personified gender in art. Grammatical gender predicted personified gender in 78% of the cases, significantly more often than if the two factors were independent. This analysis offers a new window on an age-old question about the relationship between linguistic structure and patterns in culture and cognition
Longitudinal response functions of 3H and 3He
Trinucleon longitudinal response functions R_L(q,omega) are calculated for q
values up to 500 MeV/c. These are the first calculations beyond the threshold
region in which both three-nucleon (3N) and Coulomb forces are fully included.
We employ two realistic NN potentials (configuration space BonnA, AV18) and two
3N potentials (UrbanaIX, Tucson-Melbourne). Complete final state interactions
are taken into account via the Lorentz integral transform technique. We study
relativistic corrections arising from first order corrections to the nuclear
charge operator. In addition the reference frame dependence due to our
non-relativistic framework is investigated. For q less equal 350 MeV/c we find
a 3N force effect between 5 and 15 %, while the dependence on other theoretical
ingredients is small. At q greater equal 400 MeV/c relativistic corrections to
the charge operator and effects of frame dependence, especially for large
omega, become more important. In comparison with experimental data there is
generally a rather good agreement. Exceptions are the responses at excitation
energies close to threshold, where there exists a large discrepancy with
experiment at higher q. Concerning the effect of 3N forces there are a few
cases, in particular for the R_L of 3He, where one finds a much improved
agreement with experiment if 3N forces are included.Comment: 26 pages, 9 figure
A map of transcriptional heterogeneity and regulatory variation in human microglia.
Microglia, the tissue-resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), play critical roles in immune defense, development and homeostasis. However, isolating microglia from humans in large numbers is challenging. Here, we profiled gene expression variation in primary human microglia isolated from 141 patients undergoing neurosurgery. Using single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing, we identify how age, sex and clinical pathology influence microglia gene expression and which genetic variants have microglia-specific functions using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping. We follow up one of our findings using a human induced pluripotent stem cell-based macrophage model to fine-map a candidate causal variant for Alzheimer's disease at the BIN1 locus. Our study provides a population-scale transcriptional map of a critically important cell for human CNS development and disease
De Novo and Rare Inherited Copy-Number Variations in the Hemiplegic Form of Cerebral Palsy
PurposeHemiplegia is a subtype of cerebral palsy (CP) in which one side of the body is affected. Our earlier study of unselected children with CP demonstrated de novo and clinically relevant rare inherited genomic copy-number variations (CNVs) in 9.6% of participants. Here, we examined the prevalence and types of CNVs specifically in hemiplegic CP.MethodsWe genotyped 97 unrelated probands with hemiplegic CP and their parents. We compared their CNVs to those of 10,851 population controls, in order to identify rare CNVs
Pulmonary Hypertension Is Associated With Systemic Arterial Hypertension Among Patients With Normal Left Ventricular Diastolic Function
Background The association of pulmonary and systemic arterial hypertension is believed to be mediated through hypertensive left heart disease. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether pulmonary hypertension (PHT) is associated with systemic arterial hypertension among patients with apparently normal left ventricular diastolic function. Methods and Results Consecutive patients who had echocardiographic evaluation between 2007 and 2019 were enrolled. Patients with disease states that are known to be associated with PHT, including diastolic dysfunction, were excluded from the analysis. Estimated right ventricular systolic pressure was extracted for all patients from the echocardiographic reports. PHT was defined as estimated right ventricular systolic pressure >40 mm Hg. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied. Final study population included 25 916 patients with a median age of 59 (interquartile range, 44–69) years, of whom 12 501 (48%) were men and 13 265 (51%) had systemic arterial hypertension. Compared with normotensive patients, hypertensive patients were 3.2 times more likely to have PHT (95% CI, 2.91–3.53; P<0.001). A multivariate model adjusted for clinical and echocardiographic parameters that are known to be associated with PHT demonstrated that hypertensive patients are almost 3 times more likely to have PHT (95% CI, 2.45–3.15; P<0.001). The association was significant in multiple subgroups but was more significant among women compared with men (odds ratio, 3.1 versus 2.4; P for interaction <0.001). Conclusions PHT is associated with systemic arterial hypertension irrespective of left heart disease. The association is more pronounced among women