Comportamento ingestivo de novilhos mestiços terminados em confinamento alimentados com borra de soja

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da inclusão da borra de soja no comportamento ingestivo de 30 novilhos mestiços Charolês/Nelore, confinados, com 20 meses de idade e peso médio inicial de 328,3 kg. Cada grupo experimental foi composto por seis animais, distribuídos nos tratamentos: 00; 30; 60; 90 e 120 g de borra de soja por 1000 g de matéria seca na dieta, os quais continham 29,0; 47,3; 66,7; 86,8 e 106,8 g de extrato etéreo, respectivamente. O aumento no nível de inclusão de borra de soja na dieta não interferiu no tempo de alimentação, ruminação e ócio (3,11; 13,33 e 7,55 h, respectivamente). As variáveis número de mastigações por bolo, tempo de mastigação por bolo, número de bolos, número de mastigações diárias e tempo de mastigação total (h/dia) (62; 58; 470; 28978 e 10,65, respectivamente) também não sofreram efeito dos tratamentos. O consumo de matéria seca foi similar, em contrapartida, o consumo de fibra detergente neutro (kg/dia) e a eficiência (g FDN/h) da referida fração apresentaram comportamento linear decrescente com aumento da inclusão de borra. A borra de soja pode ser incluída na dieta de novilhos mestiços confinados até o nível de 120 g por 1000 g de matéria seca sem que haja efeitos negativos sobre as principais variáveis relativas ao comportamento ingestivo

Perfil lipídico da carne de novilhos terminados em pastagem de milheto com diferentes taxas de concentrado

The objective of this work was to evaluate the meat lipid profile from Devon beef steers finished in pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) pasture and fed at different rates of concentrate supplementary diet. Twelve steers weighing 270 kg, at 12‑month‑average initial age, were randomly distributed into three treatments: pearl millet pasture; and pearl millet pasture plus a concentrate equivalent at 0.5 or 1.0% of body weight, with two replicates. Total contents of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, the polyunsaturated:saturated ratio and other relevant fatty acids as the vaccenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, omega‑3, and omega‑6 were not affected by the consumption of a concentrate supplement at 0.5 or 1.0% live weight. However, the 0.5% supplementation level reduced the concentration of dihomo‑γ‑linolenic fatty acid (C20: 3 n‑6), while the 1.0% supplementation level elevated the content of docosahexaenoic (DHA) (C22: 6 n‑3) fatty acid, and the omega‑6:omega‑3 ratio in meat. Consumption of up to 1.0% energy supplementation increases the omega‑6:omega‑3 ratio in meat from Devon steers grazing on pearl millet pasture.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o perfil lipídico da carne de novilhos Devon, terminados em pastagem de milheto (Pennisetum americanum) e alimentados com dieta suplementar de um concentrado a diferentes taxas. Doze animais, com 270 kg e idade média inicial de 12 meses, foram distribuídos ao acaso, em três tratamentos: pastagem de milheto; pastagem de milheto e suplemento concentrado a 0,5 ou 1,0% do peso corporal, com duas repetições. Os teores totais de ácidos graxos saturados e insaturados, a relação poli‑insaturados:saturados e outros ácidos relevantes como o vacênico, o linoleico conjugado, o ômega‑3 e ômega‑6 não foram influenciados pelo consumo de suplemento concentrado a 0,5 ou 1,0% do peso vivo. Entretanto, a suplementação a 0,5% reduziu a concentração do ácido graxo dihomo‑γ‑linolênico (C20:3 n‑6), enquanto a suplementação a 1,0% elevou o teor do ácido graxo docosahexaenoico (DHA) (C22:6 n‑3) e a relação ômega‑6:omega‑3 na carne. O consumo de até 1,0% de suplemento energético aumenta a relação ômega‑6:ômega‑3 na carne de novilhos Devon mantidos em pastagem de milheto

CARACTERÍSTICAS DE CARCAÇA E QUALIDADE DA CARNE DE NOVILHOS CONFINADOS EM DIFERENTES ESPAÇOS INDIVIDUAIS

The objective of this study was to evaluate the meat and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers finished in different individual spaces. We used 48 steers, with average initial age and weight of 20 months and 243.4 kg, respectively. The animals were placed in collective stalls and distributed into treatments according to the available individual space, 2.5; 5.0 and 10 m2. The diet contained roughage:concentrate relation of 39:61 (dry matter basis). Individual spaces did not influence hot and cold carcass weight, means of 226.0 and 222.1 kg, respectively, as well their respective carcass dressing, 58.5 and 57.0 kg/ 100 kg live weight. For all treatments, the carcasses showed the minimum fat thickness required, 3 mm, being similar among the different individual spaces evaluated. The weight and percentage of commercial cuts, the absolute weight and the tissue participation in the carcass were similar among the individual spaces. The pH and temperature in Longissimus dorsi and Recto femoralis muscles were not altered by individual spaces. Color, texture, marbling, and the meat sensorial characteristics (tenderness, juiciness and palatability) were not influenced by different individual spaces. The shear force showed mean of 5.06 kgF/cm3. The number of lesions, location and time of occurrence was not influenced by different individual space. The individual space for feedlot steers during finishing did not influence carcass and meat characteristics, when slaughtered at 24 months of age

Qualidade da carne do músculo longissimus dorsi de novilhos superjovens Aberdeen Angus de biótipo pequeno e médio abatidos com o mesmo estágio de acabamento na carcaça

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência do biótipo pequeno e médio de novilhos Aberdeen Angus superjovens na composição da carne do longissimus dorsi (LD). Foram utilizadas secções do LD de oito novilhos com biótipo pequeno e dez com biótipo médio, confinados por 158 dias, apresentando ao abate idade e peso vivo médio de 456 dias e 429 kg. A alimentação foi constituída de silagem de sorgo e concentrado na relação 60:40 nos primeiros 63 dias e após 50:50 até o abate. O biótipo foi calculado por meio da fórmula: B = -11,548 + (0,4878 x h) - (0,0289 x ID) + (0,0000146 x (ID)²) + (0,0000759 x h x ID); h = altura em polegadas e ID=idade em dias. A carne do LD apresentou gordura intramuscular média (10,11 pontos; p = 0,7034), coloração vermelha (4,33 pontos; p = 0,3724), textura com tendência a muito fina (4,61 pontos; p = 0,3075) e força ao cisalhamento de 2,72 kgf cm-² (p = 0,4009). A carne apresentou 72,27% (p = 0,4355) de umidade, 19,34% (p = 0,4150) de proteína bruta, 3,96% (p = 0,9071) de lipídios, 4,43% (p = 0,9842) de minerais e 0,25 mg 100g-1 de carne (p = 0,2375) de colesterol. Os biótipos não influenciaram na concentração dos ácidos graxos palmítico (p = 0,0790), esteárico (p = 0,2455), oleico (p = 0,3046), linoleico (p = 0,9456), ocorrendo alteração na participação do ácido graxo mirístico (ŷ = 1,85 + 0,12B; p = 0,043). O estudo do biótipo na composição da carne é importante para a identificação de melhores características nutracêuticas

Carcass traits and meat quality of steers finished on pasture of white oat

The objective of this study was to evaluate carcass traits and meat quality of steers finished only on oat (Avena sativa L.) pasture or intercropped with vetch (Vica sativa) or associated with supplementation based grain ground corn. 18 steers, 1/4 Aberdeen Angus - ¼ Marchigiana - 2/4 Nellore with initial live weight and average age of approximately 360 kg and 19 months, respectively, were used. During 72 days the steers were kept in three different treatments: oat pasture, oat + legume pasture and oat pasture associated with supplementation based ground corn in the proportion of 1 % of body weight. After this period, the animals were slaughtered and the carcass traits and meat quality, were evaluated. The slaughter weight of steers receiving supplementation (428.5 kg) was higher than animals grazing only oats (400.67 kg), but did not differ of the slaughter weight of animals maintained on pasture oats and vetch (409.27 kg). The hot carcass weight (245.69 kg) and cold carcass weight (244.22 kg) of the animals receiving supplementation was higher than carcasses of animals grazing oat or oat + vetch. The carcass conformation of steers receiving supplementation (11.50 points) was higher than that animals grazing oat + vetch (10.17 points). There was no difference among treatments for metric measurements of carcasses. For commercial cuts, the hindecut + sidecut were heavier for animals receiving supplementation (158.20 kg). The meat from animals finished with oats showed less tenderness (6.53 points) when evaluated by the taste panel, requiring more shear force (6.32 kgf/cm2)

Diurnal ingestive behavior of Holstein calves reared in different systems: feedlot or pasture

This study evaluated the ingestive behavior of Hostein calves kept in two husbandry systems: feedlot or pasture. We examined the ingestive behavior of 11 male non-castrated calves, with average initial age of 75 days, six of which were individually penned, consuming corn silage and concentrate-based diet at a ratio of 40:60 (on a DM basis), and the remainder, on pearl millet pasture (Pennisetum americanum) receiving concentrate supplementation at 1.0% body weight. Evaluations were held from November to February, from 8:00 am to 6:00 pm. Feedlot calves stay longer (p < 0.05) in idle, both in lying and standing positions, while animals on pasture spent more time in eating and ruminating activities. Confined animals performed a higher number of daily meals, but of shorter duration each. In both production systems, rumination activity is preferably performed in lying position, however, rumination time in standing position is about 1.4 times longer for those kept on pasture. Animals kept on pasture show a lower efficiency of DM intake, greater number of ruminated boluses, which were ruminated for less time and with fewer cud chewings.