Growth Performance of the Monsoon River Prawn Macrobrachium malcolmsonii on Formulated Feeds with Combinations of Pulses and Cereals along with Groundnut Oilcake and Soya Meal

This study was conducted to categorize the growth performance of feeds formulated with combinations of pulses and cereals (horse gram and ragi, green gram and pearl millet, and cow gram and wheat) along with groundnut oilcake and soya meal on the post larvae (PL) of the monsoon river prawn, Macrobrachium malcolmsonii. This is to promote the inland aquaculture of this economically important species. Two types of feeds with different proportions of pulse and cereal (type-A: 25% pulse + 25% cereal; type-B: 40% pulse + 10% cereal) were prepared in each combination along with equal proportion of groundnut oil cake and soya meal (20% each). Tapioca flour (5%) and egg albumin (4%) were used as binding agents. Vitamin B-complex (1%) was also mixed. These feeds were fed to M. malcolmsonii PL for a period of 45 days. The efficacy of these feeds on growth performance and biochemical constituents were assessed. Commercially available standard Scampi feed was served as control. The overall influence of these feeds on growth, and concentrations of total protein, amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid of PL were found to be the best in scampi feed followed by the feed rich in pulse (type-B) and the feed with equal proportion of pulses and cereals (type-A). Among three combinations of pulses and cereals were tested, the feed formulated with cow gram and wheat showed the best overall performance, followed by green gram and pearl millet, and horse gram and ragi.  All the results were confirmed through paired sample t-test, DMRT, and two-way ANOVA. The survival rate was found to be better in formulated feeds fed PL when compared with control. It is assumed that the additive/ preservative added in the commercially available scampi feed may be the reason for the lower survival rate recorded. Moreover, the commercially available scampi feed is not always affordable to small farmers. Therefore, the farm made feeds with locally available commodities of pulses and cereals can be prepared and used in a sustainable manner for healthy promotion of Macrobrachium culture

Influence of combined probiotics Lactobacillus sporogenes and Bacillus subtilis on survival, growth, biochemical changes and energy utilization performance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man 1879) post larvae

A 90-day feeding experiment was studied to determine the influence of the bacterial combination Lactobacillus sporogenes and Bacillus subtilis (LS+BS) on survival, growth, biochemical constituents and energy utilization performance of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae (PL). Experimental diets were the same, except for the variation in probiotic levels. The probiotics LS+BS (4:3) were used at 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% inclusion rates in the experimental diets. After the feeding trail, the growth parameters of the PLs, such as survival, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion efficiency and protein efficiency rate were significantly (P<0.05) higher in 4% LS+BS incorporated diet as compared with control. The food conversion ratio was significantly (P<0.05) lower in 4% LS+BS incorporated diet. The biochemical composition of the total protein, amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid ash content were significantly (P<0.05) higher in 4% LS+BS incorporated diet. However, insignificant difference was recorded in moisture content between control and experimental groups. The energy utilization parameters, such as feeding rate, absorption rate, conversion rate and metabolic rate were significantly (P<0.05) higher in 4% LS+BS incorporated diet fed PL.  These results revealed the benefits of the incorporation of the probiotic (LS+BS) in aqua feed for M. rosenbergii PL.&nbsp

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLE FROM LEAF EXTRACT OF AEGLE MARMELOS AND EVALUATION OF ITS ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY

Objective: The synthesis of metal nanoparticle is a growing area of research in modern material science and technology. Utilization of the silver nanoparticles in the field of biomedical nanotechnology and nanomedicines is rapidly growing because of their antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant property and less toxicity. Nanoparticles are synthesized by chemical methods, but are not eco-friendly. The objective of the study is to develop a fast, eco-friendly and convenient method for silver nanoparticle synthesis.Methods: In this method utilization of the reducingproperty of Aegle marmelos leaf extract was done for synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles.  Characterization of the metal nanoparticles was carried out by UV- Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction microscopy (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and zeta potential analysis.Results: This result showed the average particle size of 15 -30 nm and spherical structure of stable silver nanoparticles. Green synthesized nanoparticles tested for its antibacterial activity by the well diffusion method. Silver nanoparticles had shown a more inhibitory effect against Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa than Staphylococcus aureus and Aeromonas hydrophila at 25, 50 and 100 µg/ml concentrations.Conclusion: This study is recommends the use of Aegle marmelos leaves for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and can be applied as an antimicrobial agent.Â

Effect of perceived social support and level of hope on quality of life among chronic kidney disease patients in a tertiary care center in Chennai - A cross-sectional study

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem in developing countries, adversely affecting the quality of life (QOL) of the individual and their family. Perceived social support and hope are important factors influencing the QOL. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the QOL among patients with CKD and the effects of perceived social support and hope on QOL. Materials and Methods: This is hospital based cross-sectional study among CKD patients attending nephrology department, between March and November 2018. Face to face interview using Adult Hope Scale and Multidimensional Perceived Social Support scale and WHOQOL-BREF-26 was done after obtaining informed consent. Epi-info and SPSS16.0 were used for statistical analysis. t-test, ANOVA, and correlation coefficient was done to find any association. Results: Among the 152 participants, majority (70%) had fair QOL with the highest score in social relationships domain of 53 (±12), using the WHO BREF26 questionnaire. The QOL was also found to be associated with education and socio-economic status. A positive correlation between perceived social support and hope with QOL was observed. Conclusion: Majority had a fair QOL, with the highest score in social relationship domain. Positive correlation was observed between perceived social support and hope with QOL. Apart from medical treatment, the key to better health outcome depends on social support. Hence, it is imperative to highlight the importance of social support and hope at the commencement of the treatment of CKD

Efficacy of Cereals and Pulses as Feeds for the Post-larvae of the Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii ï€

Two types of feeds were prepared using cereals (maize, bajra and Italian millet) and pulses (green gram, red gram and cow gram) respectively and fed to the post larvae of M. rosenbergii for a period of 60 days. The efficacy of these feeds on growth performance, biochemical constituents and energy utilization were assessed and compared with commercially available standard Scampi feed. Statistically insignificant differences were seen in weight gain, specific growth rate and conversion rate between control and experiments, and between experiments. However, significant differences (

AI-Driven Innovations in Cryptography: Enhancing Key Generation and Security

In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for securing confidential data through a symmetric key cryptographic algorithm called the modified Hill Cipher by utilizing rhotrices. We provide a step-by-step procedure to implement this method and elucidate the process through an example. The modified Hill Cipher technique uses AI to generate key rhotrix and incorporates the use of rhotrices and rhotrix algebra to encrypt plain text and decrypt cipher text

Repeated infections of dengue (serotype DENV-2) in lung cells of BALB/c mice lead to severe histopathological consequences

To determine the effect of DENV (serotype 2) repeated infections on lung cells is the main goal of this study. From the result, lung histology of control BALB/c mice showed normal alveolar morphology, while vehicle control BALB/c mice highlighted a slight thickening of the alveolar septum. Lung histopathology of BALB/c mice infected twice by DENV-2 showed the presence of hemorrhage, plasma leakage and presence of hemosiderin-laden macrophages (HLMs). Notably, in the lung of BALB/c mice infected four times by DENV-2, we observed thickening and disruption of the alveolar septum, inflammatory cell infiltration, plasma leakage and increased cellularity. Megakaryocyte releasing platelets were also found into the lung alveolus. Overall, our findings showed severe histopathological damage in lungs repeatedly infected by DENV-2, allowing us to argue that they can be linked to pulmonary complication. Result also showed that the number of infections with similar total DENV-2 titer led to different histopathological changes

In vitro antibacterial activity of some plant essential oils

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of 21 plant essential oils against six bacterial species. METHODS: The selected essential oils were screened against four gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris) and two gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus at four different concentrations (1:1, 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20) using disc diffusion method. The MIC of the active essential oils were tested using two fold agar dilution method at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 25.6 mg/ml. RESULTS: Out of 21 essential oils tested, 19 oils showed antibacterial activity against one or more strains. Cinnamon, clove, geranium, lemon, lime, orange and rosemary oils exhibited significant inhibitory effect. Cinnamon oil showed promising inhibitory activity even at low concentration, whereas aniseed, eucalyptus and camphor oils were least active against the tested bacteria. In general, B. subtilis was the most susceptible. On the other hand, K. pneumoniae exhibited low degree of sensitivity. CONCLUSION: Majority of the oils showed antibacterial activity against the tested strains. However Cinnamon, clove and lime oils were found to be inhibiting both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Cinnamon oil can be a good source of antibacterial agents

Learning customer behaviour for effective load forecasting

Cloud computing is quickly expanding, and there are an increasing number of cloud providers. To stay competitive while earning a profit, cloud providers must focus on cost efficiency and resource cost maximization. The profit maximization challenge in federated cloud systems has been investigated in order to maximize the degree of multiplexing. Outline unique economics-inspired resource allocation strategies to address the profit maximization challenge from the standpoint of a purely active cloud provider. Admission control strategies have been presented that are adjusted within a profit management framework to maximize resource cost. Existing abstractions for in-memory storage on clusters, including as distributed shared memory, key value stores, databases, and Piccolo, use fine-grained modifications to mutable state as their interface. It has been fine-tuned to anticipate cluster load. Summing the loads of each cluster yields the total load for the entire grid. He suggested Smart Grid load forecasting approach has two primary benefits. Learning consumer habits enhances forecast accuracy while also being computationally efficient. SCCRF can simulate a single customer's load forecasting problem while concurrently selecting important features to determine its energy consumption trend. Experiments conducted from various angles show the benefits of the suggested load forecasting system