Soil Structure Interaction of Framed Structure Supported on Non- Homogeneity of Soil Condition

Soil often exhibits non – homogeneity, due to this non – homogeneity, different settlement occurs. This cause changes in the moments and forces in the members of superstructure frames. The order of magnitude of these changes is not known. In this paper, plane frames with differential configuration have been analysed taking into account soil- structure interaction using Finite Element Method. For the present study soil having different stiffnesses in the right and left half below the structure is considered and the effect of this  non – homogeneity on superstructure forces having presented, for plane frames with number of bays varying from 3,5,7 and number of storeys 1to 6. The young’s modulus ratio of soil for right and left half has been varied from 1 to 7.5. To non – homogeneity of soil increases the forces in peripheral columns and beams, which were found to be already critical even for homogeneity soil condition. Hence, in general, it is concluded at non – homogeneity of soil increases the effect of soil interaction on the super structure forces

Diagonalization Matrix Method of Solving the First Basic Problem of Hidden Markov Model in Speech Recognition System

This paper proposes a computationally efficient method of solving evaluation problem of Hidden Markov Model (HMM) with a given set of discrete observation symbols, number of states and probability distribution matrices. The observation probability for a given HMM model is evaluated using an approach in which the probability evaluation is reduced to the problem of evaluating the product of matrices with different powers and formed out of state transition probabilities and observation probabilities. Finding powers of a matrix is done by using the computationally efficient diagonalization method thereby reducing the overall computational effort for evaluating the Evaluation problem of HMM.The proposed method is compared with the existing direct method. It is found that evaluating matrix power by diagnolisation method is more suitable than that of the direct, method

Effect of Clay and Humicmaterials for the control of nitrate leaching from sandy agroecosystem

The effect of clay and humic materials in the control of nitrate leaching from sandy soil was established through a column experiment. In a PVC column with 3 inches dia and 45 cm length packed with sandy soil, six leaching at 15 days intervals were performed. Nitrogen was added @ 150 kg ha-1. The results of the study indicated the significant influence of clay @ 40 t and humic acid @ 20 kg ha-1 were efficient in the control of NO - and NH + N leached through the column and a corresponding increase of retension of N in soil. The linear equation model was used to ascertain the influence of the physiochemical characteristics on the leaching of nutrients

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Associated Follicular Syndrome

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated follicular syndrome, also called pityriasis rubra pilaris type VI (PRP VI) has been described in a male patient with the characteristic clinical histological and immunological features

Spectrum of hypokalemic paralysis from a tertiary care center in India

Hypokalemic paralysis is an important and reversible cause of acute flaccid paralysis. The treating physician faces unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We did a prospective study and included all patients with acute flaccid weakness and documented serum potassium of <3.5 mEq/L during the period between January 2009 and August 2015. We studied the incidence, etiology, clinical profile, and acid–base disturbances in patients presenting with hypokalemic paralysis and analyzed the significance of periodic and non-periodic forms of hypokalemic paralysis on patient's outcome. Two hundred and six patients were studied with a mean follow-up of 3.6 ± 1.2 years. Mean age was 37.61 ± 2.2 years (range 18–50 years). Males were predominant (M:F ratio 2.1:1). The nonperiodic form of hypokalemic paralysis was the most common (61%). Eighty-one (39%) patients had metabolic acidosis, 78 (38%) had normal acid–base status, and 47 (23%) patients had metabolic alkalosis. The most common secondary cause was distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) (n = 75, 36%), followed by Gitelman syndrome (n = 39, 18%), thyrotoxic paralysis (n = 8, 4%), hyperaldosteronism (n = 7, 3%), and proximal RTA (n = 6, 4%). Patients with non-periodic paralysis had more urinary loss (40.1 vs. 12.2 mmol, P = 0.04), more requirement of potassium replacement (120 vs. 48 mmol, P = 0.05), and longer recovery time of weakness (48.1 vs. 16.5 h, P = 0.05) than patients with periodic paralysis. Non-periodic form of hypokalemic paralysis was the most common variant in our study. Patients with periodic paralysis had significant incidence of rebound hyperkalemia