Несъемная опалубка и область ее применения

The object of this study is one of the most common types of formwork, which can be used in the construction of walls and foundations of the building, namely, indelible formwork. The task before us was to determine the possibility of building walls and foundations with the help of permanent formwork. It was necessary to study the form of indelible formwork, to disassemble its structural components, as well as to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of a particular type of formwork. The field of application of non-removable formwork consists in the possibility of using the results of work in the real design and application of non-removable formwork in the construction of buildings and structures, as well as in the educational process, in architectural and design schools and higher education institutions, for familiarization of future specialists and expansion of the outlook in construction.Объектом данного исследования является один из самых распространенных типов опалубки, который можно применять при возведении стен и фундаментов здания, а именно - несъёмная опалубка. Перед нам стояла задача определить возможность возведения стен и фундаментов при помощи несъемной опалубки. Необходимо было изучить разновидность несъёмной опалубки, разобрать её конструктивные составляющие, а также проанализировать преимущества и недостатки того или иного вида опалубки. Область применения несъёмной опалубки заключается в возможности использования результатов работы в реальном проектировании и применении несъёмной опалубки при возведении зданий и сооружений, а так же и в учебном процессе, в архитектурно-конструкторских школах и ВУЗ, для ознакомления будущих специалистов и расширением кругозора в строительстве

Необычное педиатрическое наблюдение гангренозной пиодермии

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) belongs to the group of neutrophilic dermatoses with unknown etiology and poorly understood pathogenesis. In children, PG is primarily associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis). By now, about 355 PG cases have been described worldwide, including 15 children with the involvement of oral mucosa. Clinical manifestations of the disease are diverse and depend on the form, stage and associated conditions. Such a rare PG as pyodermatitis-pyostomatitis vegetans manifests by combined lesions of the oral mucosa and skin. The authors present historical data on the investigation of the disease, its etiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, and clinical picture. A description of a rare clinical case of severe form of atypical PG, namely, pyodermatitis-pyostomatitis vegetans in a 10-year-old child, is presented. The unique character of the case is related to the variety of clinical manifestations and the clinical course complicated by the development of keloid and partial scar-related flexion contracture of the upper and lower extremities, the formation of microstoma and cachexia. The association of pyodermatitis-pyostomatitis vegetans with Crohn's disease was found. The lack of awareness of the clinical symptoms of this rare disease has led to diagnostic errors and late diagnosis.Гангренозная  пиодермия  (ГП)  относится к группе нейтрофильных дерматозов с неизвестной  этиологией  и  малоизученным патогенезом. У детей ГП преимущественно ассоциирована с воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника (болезнь Крона и язвенный колит). К настоящему времени в мире описано 355 случаев ГП, из них 15 – у детей с вовлечением в патологический процесс слизистой полости рта. Клинические проявления заболевания разнообразны и зависят от формы, стадии и сопутствующих условий. При такой редкой форме ГП, как вегетирующий пиодерматит – пиостоматит, наблюдаются сочетанные поражения слизистой полости рта и кожи. Авторы приводят данные по истории изучения заболевания, этиологии, патогенезу, факторам риска, клинической картине. Представлено описание редкого клинического наблюдения: тяжелой формы атипичного варианта ГП, вегетирующего пиодерматита – пиостоматита, у ребенка 10 лет. Уникальность описанного наблюдения заключается в многообразии клинических проявлений заболевания, течение которого осложнилось развитием келоидных рубцов и частичной рубцовой сгибательной контрактуры верхних и нижних конечностей, формированием микростомы и кахексии. Выявлена ассоциация вегетирующего пиодерматита – пиостоматита с болезнью Крона. Отсутствие знаний клинических симптомов редкого заболевания привело к диагностическим ошибкам и поздней постановке диагноза

Global Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Stroke Volumes and Cerebrovascular Events: One-Year Follow-up.

Declines in stroke admission, intravenous thrombolysis, and mechanical thrombectomy volumes were reported during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a paucity of data on the longer-term effect of the pandemic on stroke volumes over the course of a year and through the second wave of the pandemic. We sought to measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the volumes of stroke admissions, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), and mechanical thrombectomy over a one-year period at the onset of the pandemic (March 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021) compared with the immediately preceding year (March 1, 2019, to February 29, 2020). We conducted a longitudinal retrospective study across 6 continents, 56 countries, and 275 stroke centers. We collected volume data for COVID-19 admissions and 4 stroke metrics: ischemic stroke admissions, ICH admissions, intravenous thrombolysis treatments, and mechanical thrombectomy procedures. Diagnoses were identified by their ICD-10 codes or classifications in stroke databases. There were 148,895 stroke admissions in the one-year immediately before compared to 138,453 admissions during the one-year pandemic, representing a 7% decline (95% confidence interval [95% CI 7.1, 6.9]; p<0.0001). ICH volumes declined from 29,585 to 28,156 (4.8%, [5.1, 4.6]; p<0.0001) and IVT volume from 24,584 to 23,077 (6.1%, [6.4, 5.8]; p<0.0001). Larger declines were observed at high volume compared to low volume centers (all p<0.0001). There was no significant change in mechanical thrombectomy volumes (0.7%, [0.6,0.9]; p=0.49). Stroke was diagnosed in 1.3% [1.31,1.38] of 406,792 COVID-19 hospitalizations. SARS-CoV-2 infection was present in 2.9% ([2.82,2.97], 5,656/195,539) of all stroke hospitalizations. There was a global decline and shift to lower volume centers of stroke admission volumes, ICH volumes, and IVT volumes during the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the prior year. Mechanical thrombectomy volumes were preserved. These results suggest preservation in the stroke care of higher severity of disease through the first pandemic year. This study is registered under NCT04934020