111 research outputs found

    The Influence of Scar Patterns After Reduction Mammoplasty on Eye Movement and Gaze Pattern:An Eye-Tracking Investigation

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    Background:Given that scars are acknowledged as the primary cause of postoperative dissatisfaction following reduction mammoplasty, it is imperative to comprehend the patient’s visual perception of different scar patterns in order to enhance patient satisfaction. To achieve this, eye-tracking technology provides an unbiased method of evaluating how observers assess breast scars.Methods:58 participants (32 females and 26 males) between the ages of 19 and 82 years (mean age of 29.47 ± 10.98 years) were shown 18 color photographs, taken at 3 viewing angles (right 45° oblique, frontal and frontal view with arms raised), from 6 patients undergone reduction mammoplasty with the inverted T-scar technique (3 patients) or no-vertical-scar technique (3 patients). The images were presented to every participant for a fixed duration of 5 s each. Eye-tracking device was used to collect and analyze the gaze data of viewers.Results:The nipple-areola complex (NAC) and the periareolar scar captured observers’ gaze faster, had longer duration and more count of eye fixation than all other parts of breast scars, regardless of the viewing angle and scar pattern. Moreover, the scar region in the inverted T-scar pattern received greater and faster visual attraction of observer’s gaze than the no-vertical-scar pattern.Conclusion:The NAC and the periareolar scar seem to be perceived as the most important regions for breast aesthetics. The findings can be helpful to assist plastic surgeons in determining the most appropriate technique for reduction mammoplasty, meanwhile underlining the importance of a fine periareolar scar and symmetric NAC for excellent aesthetic outcomes

    Using environmental monitoring to complement in-depth qualitative interviews in cold homes research

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    Cold homes contribute to twenty to forty thousand excess winter deaths each year in the UK and approximately 300,000 hospital admissions. Using fuel poverty as an identifier for those at risk does not always capture everyday exposure to cold homes due to variations in financial trade-offs and behavioural factors. Few fuel poverty studies have combined environmental measurements with qualitative data on lived experiences of fuel poverty and cold homes. This paper looks at the strengths and limitations of using a mixed method, environmental and qualitative interviewing approach. A series of six discreet studies were conducted between 2001 and 2015 using a similar methodology with a mixed methods design where in-depth interviews were conducted alongside temperature and humidity measurements. The research studies found that combining environmental monitoring with qualitative research methods allows both cross validation and triangulation of data in order to provide a richer and more insightful examination into the lives of people living in cold homes. The studies demonstrate how a combined methodological approach can help explain the choices, decisions and behaviour of households experiencing cold homes and fuel poverty. The paper concludes with recommendations for future development and implementation of the research method

    People - rooms - atmosphere?

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    It is quite understandable that there are growing wishes and requirements for a comfortable and healthy indoor environment. The number of those, who are unsatisfied with the climate conditions of their indoor environment, is at least 5 - 15 %. Small changes in temperature will even cause an increase in this number. Heating and ventilation behaviour is playing a significant role besides moisture generation. On the other hand living and consumption habits as well as building materials for external and internal application influence the quality of indoor air. Yet people are nowadays more sensitized concerning possible damaging influences on their living environment caused by any kind of air pollutants. Such problems are often paraphrased by notions like Sick-Building- Syndrome (SBS) or Building Related-Illness (BRI). Analyses show that there is a significant interdependence between the application of certain building materials and the occurrence of certain health problems. With regard to air quality and comfort, odours have a special physical importance. Odours and odorous substances are ubiquitous in indoor air. The question, whether the wish for a comfortable living environment is always inevitably connected to a risk for the building fabric and the residents, may be denied, but any risk cannot be entirely ruled out. The risk for the residents can be minimized by adapting heating and ventilation behaviour as well as living habits to the given building structural facts besides a careful selection of the respective building materials

    Moderne Bauforschung: Klimawandel ist grĂ¶ĂŸter Innovationstreiber

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    Als grĂ¶ĂŸten Innovationstreiber in der Bauwirtschaft bezeichnet Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Phys. Klaus Sedlbauer in einem GesprĂ€ch den Klimawandel. "Wenn wir die Reduktion der CO2-Emissionen ernst nehmen und etwas dafĂŒr tun wollen, dann haben wir mit der Baubranche einen riesigen Hebel.

    Neue Entwicklungen des GebÀudestandards - Wird der Mensch dabei vergessen?

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    Die Menschen verbringen in Mitteleuropa fast 90% ihrer Zeit in InnenrĂ€umen. Es ist verstĂ€ndlich, dass daraus WĂŒnsche und Anforderungen an die Behaglichkeit und die GesundheitsvertrĂ€glichkeit unserer GebĂ€ude erwachsen, zumal Behaglichkeit im Wesentlichen auch die LeistungsfĂ€higkeit erhöht. HĂ€lt sich ein Mensch in einem Raum auf, unterliegt er verschiedenen EinflĂŒssen, die der Raum auf ihn ausĂŒbt. Im Gegenzug unterliegt aber auch der umgebende Raum EinflĂŒssen, die der Nutzer durch sein Verhalten verursacht. Mensch und Raum stehen in enger Wechselwirkung zueinander. Das Dreieck "Anforderungen an WohnrĂ€ume", "Verhalten der Bewohner" und "Bauphysikalische, chemische, biologische EinflĂŒsse" sollte in möglichst ausgewogenem VerhĂ€ltnis stehen. Ist das nicht der Fall, können aus dem bestehenden Behaglichkeitsanspruch Risikopotenziale erwachsen. In diesem Beitrag werden die einzelnen EinflĂŒsse und Anforderungen, die mit dem "Menschen in RĂ€umen" wechselwirken, nĂ€her beschrieben. Auf diese Weise soll das sensible System "Mensch/Wohnraum" erlĂ€utert und das VerstĂ€ndnis fĂŒr die aus dem Behaglichkeitsanspruch entstehenden Probleme und Risiken erlĂ€utert und analysiert werden

    Vorwort zum Buch Flachdach Atlas

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    Neue Chancen durch neue Techniken - Von der Fachwerksanierung zum Nullenergiehaus: Vortrag gehalten auf dem Energietag 2005: Energieeffizienz im GebĂ€udebestand; 8. und 9. MĂ€rz in FĂŒrstenfeldbruck

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    Der aktuellen Fragestellung des energiesparenden sowie schadensfreien Bauens soll der Vortrag gewidmet sein. Dabei wird ausgehend von den derzeit in Deutschland auf Basis der Energieeinsparverordnung geltenden Regelungen auf eine in wenigen Jahren anstehende neue Verordnung, nĂ€mlich der EURichtlinie ĂŒber die Gesamtenergieeffizienz von GebĂ€uden eingegangen. Der Schwerpunkt des Vortrags liegt auf der Sanierung von GebĂ€uden, die nach Meinung des Autors die einzige Möglichkeit darstellen, Energie in großer Menge zu sparen. Im Fall der aus bauphysikalischer Sicht eher komplizierten Sanierung von FachwerkgebĂ€uden werden neue wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse sowie innovative Bauprodukte angesprochen
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