LAKI VERBAL MORPHOSYNTAX

Most western Iranian languages, despite their broad differences, show a common quality when it comes to the verbal agreement of past transitive verbs. Dabir-moghaddam (2013) and Haig (2008) discuss it as a grammaticalized split-agreement to encode S, A, and P, which is sensitive to tense and transitivity, and uses split-ergative constructions for its past transitive verbs. Laki shows vestiges of the same kind of verb-agreement ergativity (Comrie 1978) by using a mixture of affixes and clitics for subject and object marking. In this thesis, I investigate how the different classes of verbs show agreement using four distinct property classes. Considering the special case of the {3 sg} and using Hopper and Traugott\u27s pattern for the cline of grammaticality (2003), I argue that although Laki has already lost the main part of its ergative constructions, the case of the {3 sg} marking is yet another sign that this language is in the process of absolute de-ergativization and its hybrid alignment system is moving toward morphosyntactic unity. As a formal representation of the Laki data, the final part of the thesis provides a morphosyntactic HPSG analysis of the agreement patterns in Laki, using the grammar of cliticized verb-forms (Miller and Sag 1997)

The computational cost of generalizations: An example from micromorphology

Morphotactics has been argued to be limited to the formal class of tier-based strictly local languages (Aksënova et al., 2016). We claim that the level of the complexity of a pattern largely depends on the way it is morphologically analyzed. Using an example from adjectival inflection in Noon (Niger-Congo), we show that the complexity of this pattern falls in two different classes within the subregular hierarchy if viewed from different perspectives. In particular, the traditional segmentation of Noon affixes (Soukka 2000) yields a 3-TSL grammar, while the same pattern is 3-SSTSL under the perspective of micromorphology (Stump 2017). Both grammars require a locality window of 3 segments; however, the micromorphology-based analysis shows an increase in formal complexity, although it reduces the grammar size by defining complex affixes in terms of simpler ones

Effectiveness of Self-Esteem, Self-Efficacy, and Achievement Motivation Group Trainings on Self-esteem of Physically Disabled Females

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the effectiveness of achievement motivation, self-efficacy and self-esteem group trainings on self-esteem of physically disabled females in Isfahan city.Method: Research design was semi-experimental. The statistical population included all 18-35 year old women members of Isfahan branch of the NGO named the Society of Disabled. A random sample of 80 of the statistical population was selected, and after responding to Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(RSES), forty of the primary sample whose self-esteem scores were lower than the other half were selected as the final sample and assigned to three experimental groups and one control group randomly. Then nine weekly sessions of self esteem group training, self-efficacy group training, and achievement motivation group training were administrated for 1, 2, and 3 experimental groups respectively. At the end of all sessions, post- test (RSES) again administrated for three experimental groups and control group. For assessing subject's characteristics, in addition Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), a demographic characteristics questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and LSD Post Hoc test. Probability level P<0/05 was used to test the hypotheses.Results: Results showed a significant effect for self esteem group training(P=0/023), self-efficacy group training(P=0/006), and achievement motivation group training(P=0/016); but there was no significant difference between the effect of self esteem group training, self-efficacy group training and achievement motivation group training. Conclusion and recommendations: self esteem group training, self-efficacy group training and achievement motivation group training can be effective for enhance self-esteem of physically disabled persons and in result for their rehabilitation. Accordingly it is proposed that these three types of educational programs be implemented on a regular basis in medical centers and educational and non-governmental organizations for people with physical disabilities

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Face-to-face and Internet-based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Cognitive Distortions and Emotion Regulation in Adolescents with Social Anxiety Disorder

People with social anxiety face barriers to treatment under the pretext of avoiding interaction and the discomfort of self-disclosure. Using remote health services may be an alternative, but there is no research evidence on the effectiveness of Internet-based methods in social anxiety.Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of face-to-face and Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on cognitive distortions and emotion regulation in adolescents with social anxiety.The present study was a field experiment. A total of 51 adolescents with social anxiety disorder were selected by cluster sampling method and randomly assigned to three face-to-face, Internet-based, and control therapy groups. Three groups were interviewed at the beginning and end of the study and answered the social anxiety screening questionnaire (SASA) Levpušček & Videc (2008 ), cognitive distortion questionnaire (CDQ) Beck and Wismann(1978), and emotion regulation questionnaire (ERQ) Jojn and Gross(2003).The two experimental groups underwent therapeutic intervention during ten weekly sessions.The results of ANKOVA analysis showed that both forms of intervention effectively reduced cognitive distortions, improved emotion regulation, and reduced symptoms of social anxiety.Also, the results of MANKOVA analysis showed that in the components of the need to please others and repression, face-to-face intervention only was effective.None of the intervention methods significantly affected the two components of success and perfectionism. In general, in all variables, the impact of the face-to-face intervention was greater than the Internet-based intervention.These results can support the use of Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescents with social anxiety disorder who, due to circumstances, are unable to benefit from face-to-face treatmen

Effect of emotion regulation training based on the gross model on anxiety among parents of children with cancer

Background: Parents of children with cancer experience intense anxiety. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of emotion regulation training based on the Gross model on anxiety among the parents of children with cancer. Method: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 60 parents of children with cancer admitted to a 130-bed pediatric hospital in Western Iran in 2018. Anxiety level was assessed pre- and post-intervention using the Beck Anxiety Inventory. The individuals of the test group attended emotion regulation training based on the Gross model, while the participants in the control group received routine training. The data were analyzed by the SPSS software version 23 using the repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t-test. Results: Our findings demonstrated that the mean age of participants was 32.5±5.09 and 32.26±4.9 years in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Total anxiety scores of the intervention and control groups pre-intervention were obtained as 33.9±7.1 and 34.3±7.4, respectively. This score changed to 19.2±1.47 in the test group and 33.73±1.36 in the control group immediately postintervention. Moreover, three months post-intervention, the scores of 22.17±5.8 and 34.03±6.96 were observed in the control and intervention groups, respectively. The repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the effect of the intervention (P<0.001). Implications for Practice: Emotion regulation training based on the Gross model could decrease anxiety levels in the parents of children with cancer. Therefore, it is recommended to be applied by caregivers for this group of people

Antiviral activity of Quercus persica L.: High efficacy and low toxicity.

BACKGROUND Drug-resistant strain of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-I) has increased the interest in the use of natural substances. AIMS This study was aimed to determine minimum inhibitory concentration of hydroalchoholic extract of a traditionally used herbal plant, Quercus persica L., on HSV-1 replication on baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells. SETTING The study was conducted in Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Iran. DESIGN This was an experimental study. MATERIALS AND METHODS BHK cells were grown in monolayer culture with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 5% fetal calf serum and plated onto 48-well culture plates. Fifty percent cytotoxic concentration (CC50%) of Q. persica L. on BHK cells was determined. Subsequently, 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50%) of the extract on replication of HSV-1 both in interacellular and exteracellular cases was assessed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Statistic Probit model was used for statistical analysis. The dose-dependent effect of antiviral activity of the extracts was determined by linear regression. RESULTS Q. persica L. had no cytotoxic effect on this cell line. There was significant relationship between the concentration of the extract and cell death (P<0.01). IC50s of Q. persica L. on HSV-1, before and after attachment to BHK cells were 1.02 and 0.257 μg/mL, respectively. There was significant relationship between the concentration of this extract and inhibition of cytopathic effect (CPE) (P<0.05). Antioxidant capacity of the extract was 67.5%. CONCLUSIONS The hydroalchoholic extract of Q. persica L. is potentially an appropriate and promising anti herpetic herbal medicine

Women’s satisfaction in early versus delayed postcaesarean feeding: A one-blind randomized controlled trial study

Background: The early postoperative feeding after caesarean section (C- section) has remained controversial. This study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of early versus delayed postcaesarean section oral feeding regarding gastrointestinal complications and patients postoperative satisfaction after C- section. Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 200 pregnant women undergoing planned C-section under spinal anesthesia (Registration Number: IRCT: 138712211760N1). Women were randomly divided in two groups group A (early feeding group) comprised of 101 patients who were encouraged to take oral fluid. If they tolerated, they continue semi-solid and solid foods starting 2 h after caesarean section. Group B (delayed feeding group) comprised of 99 patients who were given oral fluid 8 h after surgery. After beginning of feeding the patients’ tolerance, first flatus, first defecation, beginning of regular diet, the length of hospital stay and also patient satisfaction level were evaluated in each group by visual scale analog (VAS). Results: The mean time of the first passage of flatus was 10.2±1.7 hours for the early oral feeding group versus 10.7±1.6 hours for the delayed feeding group and the difference was significant (P=0.03). Duration to first defecation and length of hospital stay as well as patient satisfaction level did not differ significantly between the two groups.  Conclusion: The results of this study suggest early postcaesarean feeding. It is well tolerated and helps return normal feeding habits