Çayeli (Rize) ve İspir (Erzurum) arasında kalan alanın tektonostratigrafik özellikleri

İnceleme alanı Doğu Pontidler’de Rize, Çayeli, Arhavi, İspir İkizdere arasında kalan alanı kapsamaktadır. Bu alanda Maçka Tektonik Dilimi (MTD) ve Taşköprü Tektonik Dilimi (TTD) yüzeylenmektedir. MTD yaşlıdan gence doğru; Geç Jura-Erken Kretase kireçtaşı (Berdiga fm.); Turoniyen-Santoniyen çakıltaşı, kumtaşı, mikritik kireçtaşı, silttaşı, marn, bazaltik, bazaltik- andezitik lav, piroklastitler (Çatak fm.); Santoniyen riyolitik, dasitik lav, piroklastitler, kumtaşı, killi kireçtaşı (Kızılkaya fm.); geç Santoniyen-Kampaniyen bazaltik, andezitik lav, piroklastitler, kumtaşı, killi kireçtaşı (Çağlayan fm.); Kampaniyen-Maastrihtiyen riyolitik, dasitik lav, piroklastitler, kumtaşı, killi kireçtaşı (Çayırbağ fm.) ve geç Maastrihtiyen-Daniyen kumtaşı, kiltaşı, tüf, marn, killi kireçtaşlarından (Cankurtaran fm.) oluşmaktadır. MTD üzerine uyumsuz olarak Geç Paleosen-Kuvaterner aralığında sedimanter, volkanosedimanter birimler (Erenler, Kaplıca, Melyat, Pazar, Hamidiye formasyonları, Handüzü, Çağırankaya volkanitleri) gelmektedir. Çalışma alanında TTD’ye ait Turoniyen-Maastrihtiyen bazaltik andezitik lav, piroklastitler ile kumtaşı, mikritik kireçtaşı, kiltaşından oluşan birimler (Yağmurdere fm.) gözlenmektedir. Erken-Orta Eosen sedimanter, volkanosedimanter birimler (Yedigöze, Çoruh formasyonları) tarafından diskordansla örtülmektedir. Ar/Ar yaş tayinlerine göre Çayırbağ formasyonu 83.2±1.0 My, Melyat formasyonu 47.8±1.6 My, Handüzü volkanitlerinin andezit seviyesi 4.25±0.55 My, dasit seviyesi ise 3.93±0.46 My yaşındadır. MTD; Kretase-Paleosen Kaçkar granitoyidi I, Eosen Kaçkar granitoyidi II, Geç Eosen Ardeşen gabrosu tarafından kesilirken, TTD; Kretase-Paleosen Kaçkar granitoyidi I, Geç Eosen Güllübağ monzoniti tarafından kesilmiştir

Tectonostratigraphic characteristics of the area between Cayeli (Rize) and Ispir (Erzurum)

The study area is located in the Eastern Pontides between Rize, Cayeli, Arhavi, Ispir and Ikizdere. In this area, Macka Tectonic Slice (MTS) and Taskopru Tectonic Slice (TTS) are exposed. MTS is composed from old to young; Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous limestone (Berdiga fm.); Turonian-Santonian conglomerate, sandstone, micritic limestone, siltstone, marl, basaltic, basaltic-andesitic lava, pyroclastites (Catak fm.); Santonian rhyolitic, dacitic lava, pyroclastites, sandstone, clayey limestone (Kizilkaya fm.); late Santonian-Campanian basaltic, andesitic lava, pyroclastites, sandstone, clayey limestone (Caglayan fm.); Campanian-Mastrihtian rhyolitic, dacitic lava, pyroclastites, sandstone, clayey limestone (Cayirbag fm.);late Maastrichtian-Danian sandstone, claystone, tuff, marl, clayey limestone (Cankurtaran fm.). Sedimentary, volcanosedimentary units in the Late Paleocene-Quaternary range (Erenler, Kaplica, Melyat, Pazar, Hamidiye formations, and Handuzu, Cagirankaya volcanites) unconformably overlies the MTS. In the study area, Turonian-Maastrichtian basaltic andesitic lavas, pyroclastites and sandstone, micritic limestone, claystone units (Yagmurdere fm.) belonging to TTS are observed, and Early-Middle Eocene sedimentary and volcanosedimentary units (Yedigoze, Coruh formations) unconformably overlies the TTS. According to Ar/Ar dating, Cayrrbag formation was determined as 83.2 +/- 1.0 Ma, Melyat formation as 47.8 +/- 1.6 Ma, and Handuzu volcanics as 4.25 +/- 0.55 Ma for andesite level and as 3.93 +/- 0.46 Ma for dacite level. The MTS was intruded by Cretaceous-Paleocene Kackar granitoid I, Eocene Kackar granitoid II, Late Eocene Ardesen gabbro, while the TTS was intruded by Cretaceous-Paleocene Kackar granitoid-I, Late Eocene Gullubag monzonite

Architecture-Induced Phase Immiscibility in a Diblock/

Ordered diblock copolymer blends have recently become the subject of tremendous research interest since they can be used to elucidate the intramicrodomain segregation of blocks differing in length, as well as to identify the molecular and blend parameters yielding phase immiscibility. In this work, we explore the influence of molecular architecture on block copolymer blend miscibility by examining an equimolar mixture of two symmetric styrene (S)/isoprene (I) block copolymers, one an SI diblock and the other an (SI) 4 octablock. Their molecular weights are identical, so that the ratio of block lengths is 4:1 SI:(SI) 4 . While this ratio is expected to yield a single phase in diblock copolymer blends, transmission electron microscopy reveals here that the diblock/multiblock blend is macrophase-separated due to the linear multiblock architecture and midblock conformations of the (SI) 4 copolymer. Electron tomography (3D imaging) permits direct visualization of connected SI and (SI) 4 microdomains at the SI/(SI) 4 interface at relatively high spatial resolution (ca. 3 nm). In addition, the presence of SI molecules in the (SI) 4 phase or (SI) 4 molecules in the SI phase frustrates SI lamellae, resulting in curved microphase boundaries

The relationship between insulin resistance, obesity, and endotrophin

Background Endotrophin is the cleavage product COL6. Recent findings indicate that endotrophin is actively involved in inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. It also seems to play a critical role in obesity-induced systemic insulin resistance by increasing chronic inflammation and fibrosis in adipose tissues. In this study, we aimed to reveal the relationship between human adipose tissue, inflammation, and insulin resistance (IR). Methods The study included 51 IR patients and 37 healthy controls. The presence of IR was based on Homeostatic model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) level of 2, 7, or higher. Fasting plasma samples were obtained from the patients and the control group. Results The IR patients had a higher HOMA-IR, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FI), and triglyceride levels than the control subjects (p < 0.05). Endotrophin and CRP levels were significantly higher in patients with IR than controls (23.12 +/- 18.32 ng/mL; 11.20 +/- 6.60 ng/mLp < 0,001; 5.5 +/- 3.37 ng/L; 1.97 +/- 0.89 ng/Lp < 0.001). The serum endotrophin level showed a positive correlation with HOMA-IR (r = 0.359;p < 0.001), waist circumference (r = 0.214; p < 0.05), FI (r = 0.386;p < 0.001), and CRP level (r = 0.251;p < 0.05) Conclusion The serum endotrophin level was higher in patients with IR, independently of BMI, fasting glucose, and all other factors. Therefore, we foresee that high levels of endotrophin may be a new biomarker for early diagnosis of metabolic worsening in overweight and obesity. We also found a positive correlation between endotrophin and CRP. This indicates that endotrophin is closely related to inflammatory processes

Serum endotrophin levels in patients with heart failure with reduced and mid-range ejection fraction

Background: Endotrophin, a type VI collagen cleavage product, has fibrosis, and insulin resistance effects. Type VI collagen also plays a role in cardiac fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of endotrophin in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis by determining its levels in patients with heart failure with reduced and mid-range ejection fraction (EF). We also aimed to determine the possible association between endotrophin and treatment that prevents ventricular fibrosis

Choice of treatment based on Turkish hypertension consensus report: Do we follow the recommendations?

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine how often the recommendations of the Turkish Hypertension Consensus Report are followed, and to draw attention to the report

Loss of C2orf69 defines a fatal autoinflammatory syndrome in humans and zebrafish that evokes a glycogen-storage-associated mitochondriopathy

Human C2orf69 is an evolutionarily conserved gene whose function is unknown. Here, we report eight unrelated families from which 20 children presented with a fatal syndrome consisting of severe autoinflammation and progredient leukoencephalopathy with recurrent seizures; 12 of these subjects, whose DNA was available, segregated homozygous loss-of-function C2orf69 variants. C2ORF69 bears homology to esterase enzymes, and orthologs can be found in most eukaryotic genomes, including that of unicellular phytoplankton. We found that endogenous C2ORF69 (1) is loosely bound to mitochondria, (2) affects mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative respiration in cultured neurons, and (3) controls the levels of the glycogen branching enzyme 1 (GBE1) consistent with a glycogen-storage-associated mitochondriopathy. We show that CRISPR-Cas9-mediated inactivation of zebrafish C2orf69 results in lethality by 8 months of age due to spontaneous epileptic seizures, which is preceded by persistent brain inflammation. Collectively, our results delineate an autoinflammatory Mendelian disorder of C2orf69 deficiency that disrupts the development/homeostasis of the immune and central nervous systems