Perspective of Policy Development in the Field of Informatics: The Example of Videotex Technology

The paper represents the general view of the author on the important public policy issues raised by the emerging information society. It shows how the information society comes about in countries with different development status and policies, and those areas where future research is needed

Computerized Message Sending and Teleconferencing in an International Environment - Present and Future

Computerized message sending and teleconferencing techniques are presently widely used in an international environment. This paper describes the present status (experience, problems, solutions) of electronic message exchange activities at an international research organization, the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), and gives a short outline of some of the future prospects in this field

Telecommunications Hardware and Software Systems made in CMEA Countries and Yugoslavia

The telecommunications hardware and software systems used in CMEA (Council of Mutual Economic Assistance) countries and Yugoslavia are a most complex field of investigation. For this reason in this study the following approach has been adopted: Rather than collecting and presenting all CMEA telecommunications hardware and software systems in a directory type of form, which would neither be complete nor fully up to date (even at the time of data collection), a general analysis is given, with sufficient detailed information to make it useful. During the analysis we will discuss in depth the different classes of telecommunications hardware and software systems, their past, present, and potential future. In order to do this, the analysis has to include all major levels of the International Standardization Organization's Open System Interconnection (ISO/OSI) Reference Model--and this is the way we handle the telecommunications hardware and software systems of the CMEA countries and of Yugoslavia

The Role of Low-Molecular Weight Fungal Metabolites in Eutypa Dieback Grapevine Trunk Disease

Eutypa dieback, one of several grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs), is of serious concern to the grape industry globally. This disease is caused by the fungus Eutypa lata but it is often seen in consortia growth with Phaeoacremonium minimum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora. It is vital to understand the mechanisms for how this disease functions to develop control measures to combat it. Brown rot fungi are able to use a complex of low molecular weight (LMW) metabolites to induce a Fenton reaction to deconstruct woody tissue. These metabolites are part of a chelator mediated Fenton (CMF) chemistry that produces reactive oxygen species that are capable of depolymerizing wood polymers. We propose that a mechanism similar to CMF chemistry may be occurring in grapevine trunk disease pathogens. This thesis investigates how LMW metabolites produced by the fungi contribute to the disease and decay progression in GTDs. Research on Mite control in the laboratory with abamectin was also investigated, as research in this area was required when mites infested our fungal cultures and suitable laboratory controls were not available. Research on the GTD fungi was initiated by first examining whether metabolites produced by the three fungi can function in a manner to promote reactions like the CMF system. We separated and identified specific metabolites that potentially could contribute to CMF chemistry. We found that all three GTD fungi were able to produced LMW metabolites that promoted CMF chemistry, and we hypothesized that this mechanism contributes to processes leading to tissue necrosis in grapevine trunk wood. To explore the development of effective control measures based on this newly discovered mechanism for pathogenesis, we also explored the use of antioxidant/chelator compounds, BHA and BHT, in the control of the consortia fungi. Biocontrol organisms, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma atroviride, that produce antioxidants were also tested as biocontrols against the fungi involved in Eutypa Dieback disease. We found that BHA was highly effective in inhibiting fungal growth for all three fungi at concentrations higher than 0.5mM, and both B. subtilis and T. atroviride proved to be effective biocontrol agents in inhibiting E. lata, P. minimum, and P. chlamydospora

Integrated Space Experiment Satellite (ISES) Low Cost Stabilization Subsystem Performance

On June 29, 1991 the ISES satellite was launched into a 450 nm polar orbit. The 183 lbs satellite is a 30 inch diameter, 16 inch high, 16-sided cylinder to provide Nadir-pointing stabilization for a helix antenna associated with the Radiation Experiment (REX) payload of the satellite. The stabilization system uses a 20 ft gravity gradient boom, hysteresis rod damping, a 3-axis magnetometer, a sun sensor and torque coils. Through careful design of the gravity gradient boom and magnetic grooming of the satellite, excellent stability was achieved. The U.S. Air Force commended ISES as the best gravity gradient stabilized satellite. The satellite achieves about 5 degrees pointing error. From the performance of this satellite and potential further improvements that maybe possible, it maybe concluded that gravity gradient stabilization maybe applicable to a wide ranging set of low cost satellite applications

One-Way Versus Two-Way Videotex

One-way and two-way videotex are often claimed to be more or less competing services, particularly if dedicated channels are used for the broadcast variety. In this paper we will try to dispel this notion. We will try to demonstrate that not only are the two services somewhat complementary in nature but that videotex will increase its potential by choosing a balanced combination of the two services. We also study the likely market penetration of videotex based on the speed of penetration of other communications-oriented services in the past and draw some conclusions how they might influence the market penetration of videotex systems and services

The Role of the TPA-70 Gateway-Network in Promoting Transborder Data Flow of Scientific Information in an International Setting

This paper describes the recently developed "TPA-70 gateway-network" of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) in Austria, and of the Institute for Computerization and Automation of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (SZTAKI) in Hungary, and its promoting role in the on-line exchange of scientific information among national and international institutes and organizations. It presents a short overview of the major categories of transborder data flows relevant to IIASA's work, and how the gateway-network handles them. Finally, some operational and technical aspects of this East-West network of gateways are discussed