Mersenne on Vocal Diminutions

Marin Mersenne\u27s Harmonie universelle (Paris, 1636-37) provides a rare insight into French vocal practice of the early 17th c. Although he approaches singing as a teacher or composer, his comments also provide the performer with clues about ornamentation in early-17th-c. French vocal music. His examples of diminutions and explanations of individual ornaments reveal that the practice was significantly different from that of the later part of the century, with which most modern singers are more familiar

Incentivos para uma atuação eficaz de advogados nos métodos consensuais de resolução de conflitos

Isso porque a cláusula de desqualificação obriga o advogado a abandonar a causa, na hipótese de as partes não conseguirem resolver o conflito por um meio consensual, estimulando, dessa forma, que o advogado empregue seus melhores esforços na via não litigiosa. Ainda, a mediação e a conciliação, por serem métodos que, normalmente, mais céleres de resolução de disputas, permitem que os advogados recebam sua remuneração igualmente mais rápido, quando comparado com o processo judicial. Considerando também os benefícios econômicos obtidos pelo cliente através de uma resolução rápida e que o agrade, também é possível que o advogado incremente sua remuneração. Por fim, o treinamento dos profissionais envolvidos nos procedimentos não litigiosos também serve como um incentivo para que o advogado aprimore sua atuação, especialmente diante da ausência de abordagem desses métodos pela maioria das faculdades de direito do país. O presente trabalho buscou investigar e avaliar possíveis incentivos aos advogados para que atuem nos métodos consensuais de modo mais eficiente e em conformidade com os princípios da mediação e da conciliação. Para tanto, foram analisados o sistema normativo que regulamenta a conciliação e a mediação no Brasil, bem como os seus princípios. Também foi abordado o papel do advogado no atendimento ao cliente, na sessão de mediação ou conciliação e como vem sendo o seu desempenho na prática dos métodos consensuais. Desse modo, por meio da revisão de bibliografia existente sobre o tema, concluiu-se que a sua atuação não condiz com os princípios que norteiam os métodos autocompositivos preconizados pela legislação e que os fatores que influenciam o desempenho dos advogados são a preocupação com a diminuição da sua remuneração, a falta de conhecimento sobre os métodos consensuais e a preocupação com a percepção dos clientes a respeito da mediação e da conciliação, dentre outros fatores. Para além disso, também foi analisada a controvérsia a respeito da obrigatoriedade de representação das partes por advogado nas sessões de mediação e conciliação realizadas nos CEJUSCs, de modo que se verificou a possibilidade da participação deste profissional se torne obrigatória, em breve. Diante disso, coube verificar e analisar os incentivos para que os advogados aperfeiçoem sua atuação nos métodos compositivos. Assim, examinou-se a cláusula de desqualificação ou pacto de não-litigância, o adiantamento no recebimento de honorários e o treinamento dos profissionais envolvidos nos procedimentos autocompositivos como possíveis incentivos para que os advogados desenvolvam sua participação profissional nestes métodos. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica, conclui se que os advogados podem beneficiar-se através dos três incentivos averiguados.Also, in comparison to the normal length of a legal action, the mediation and conciliation, being quicker methods, let the lawyers receive their money in a faster time. Furthermore, it is possible that the lawyer may perceive an augment in the payment considering the economic benefits achieved to the client in a quicker solution. The training of the professionals involved in non-litigious methods serves as an incentive for the lawyer to improve itself, especially since there is a lack of approach in those kinds of methods in most law schools in this country. This essay had the objective of investigation and evaluate the incentives for lawyers to act on consensual methods in a more efficient way and as the principles of mediation and conciliation dictates. For that purpose, the normative system and the principles that regulate conciliation and mediation in Brazil were analyzed. It was also approached the role of the lawyer on the customer service, in the session of mediation or conciliation and its development in the collaborative practice. this way, trough literature review, it was concluded that its job execution wasn’t aligned with the principles that guide the collaborative methods that are indicated in the law and that the factors that influence the performance is the worry about the diminish of their payment, the lack of knowledge of the so-called collaborative practice and the worry about the perception of their clients in relation of mediation and conciliation, among other factors. Moreover, the controversy about the obligation of representation of the parties by a lawyer in the sessions of mediation and conciliation in CEJUSCs was analyzed, showing that soon the participation of this professional may become obliged. Taking this into consideration, the incentives for the improvement of the acting of lawyers in collaborative practice had to be analyzed. Thus, the disqualification clause or ‘pact of no-litigation’, the advance payment fees and training of the professional related on the auto compositional procedures were examined as possible ways to develop their competence in such methods. From the start it was obvious that lawyers could benefit from those three incentives analyzed. As the disqualification clause would oblige the lawyer to forfeit its place in the cause, in the hypothesis that the parties do not come to a mutual solution for the litigation, encouraging the lawyer to put its best efforts without going forward with the litigation

Reconstruction of three pelycosaur skulls

p. 637-648 : ill. ; 24 cm

A refurbished convergent point method for finding moving groups in the Hipparcos Catalogue

The Hipparcos data allow a major step forward in the research of `moving groups' in the Solar neighbourhood, as the common motion of group members causes converging proper motions. Previous knowledge on these coherent structures in velocity space has always been limited by the availability, reliability, and accuracy of ground-based proper motion measurements. A refurbishment of Jones' convergent point method is presented which takes full advantage of the quality of the Hipparcos data. The original implementation of this method determines the maximum likelihood convergent point on a grid on the sky and simultaneously selects group members from a given set of stars with positions and proper motions. The refurbished procedure takes into account the full covariance matrix of the Hipparcos measurements instead of standard errors only, allows for internal motions of the stars, and replaces the grid-based approach by a direct minimization. The method is tested on Monte Carlo simulations of moving groups, and applied to the Hyades. Despite the limited amount of data used by the convergent point method, the results for stars in and around the cluster- centre region agree very well with those of the recent comprehensive study by Perryman et al. (1998).Comment: 14 pages, 7 Postscript figures, LaTeX using mn.sty and psfig.sty; accepted for publication in MNRA