Confocal scanning laser microscopy images of <i>Geobacter sulfurreducens</i> grown with different electron acceptors.

<p>Confocal scanning laser microscopy images of current harvesting and fumarate control biofilms of wild type <i>G. sulfurreducens.</i> Metabolically active (green) and inactive (red) cells where differentiated with a LIVE/DEAD kit based on the permeability of the cell membrane. A. 3-D projection, top view, fumarate control biofilm; B. slices through biofilm parallel to electrode large panel and perpendicular to electrode top and side panel, fumarate control biofilm; C. 3-D projection, top view, current harvesting biofilm; D. slices through biofilm parallel to electrode large panel and perpendicular to electrode top and side panel, current harvesting biofilm.</p

Primers used for mutant construction, complementation and RT-PCR analyses.

<p>Primers used for mutant construction, complementation and RT-PCR analyses.</p

Maximal current production of fuel cells inoculated with wild-type cells of <i>G. sulfurreducens</i> or strains with the designated genes deleted or the deleted genes complemented via expression of the designated gene on a plasmid.

<p>Values are the average±the standard deviation of triplicates.</p

Current production of <i>Geobacter sulfurreducens</i>.

<p>A. Current production time courses of wild type <i>G. sulfurreducens</i> grown entirely as current harvesting (arrow indicates the switch from original feed of 10 mM acetate to continual feed) and current production time course of fully grown fumarate control biofilms switched to current harvesting of wild type <i>G. sulfurreducens</i>. These data are representative time courses for multiple replicates of each treatment. B–C. Confocal scanning laser microscopy images of fumarate control swapped to current harvesting biofilms of <i>G. sulfurreducens</i> . Metabolically active (green) and inactive (red) cells where differentiated with a LIVE/DEAD kit based on the permeability of the cell membrane. B. 3-D projection, top view; C. slices through biofilm parallel to electrode large panel and perpendicular to electrode top and side panel.</p

OmcZ sequence and identification.

<p>A. Amino acid sequence of OmcZ. The predicted cleavage site for mature OmcZ indicated by arrow. Confirmed heme-binding domains (CXXCH) are enclosed in boxes. OmcZ has 473 amino acid residues and 7 heme binding domains. B. Cytochrome content of loosely bound outer membrane protein-enriched fractions from fumarate and current-harvesting biofilms. Proteins (10 µg/lane) were separated by 12% Tris-Tricine denaturing polyacryamide gel electrophoresis and stained for heme. C. Peptides detected from two different sizes of OmcZs, fragments detected in the 50 KDa OmcZ are indicated in panel A in red; fragments detected in the 30 KDa OmcZ are indicated in panel A in green and fragments detected in both size OmcZ are indicated in blue.</p

Gene transcripts whose expression (arithmetic) was significantly increased when <i>G. sulfurreducens</i> was grown within a current-harvesting 10 mA potentiostat biofilm versus a fumarate control biofilm.

<p>Limma Analysis with a maximum p value of 0.001 was used for statistical analysis.</p

Gene transcripts whose expression (arithmetic) was significantly decreased when <i>G. sulfurreducens</i> was grown within a current-harvesting 10 mA potentiostat biofilm versus a fumarate control biofilm.

<p>Limma Analysis with a maximum p value of 0.001 was used for statistical analysis. Genes included has log2 ratios of greater than 1.</p

RT-PCR of genes up-regulated in microarray analyses.

<p>Fold change of <i>pilA</i>, <i>omcB</i>, <i>omcE</i>, <i>omcS</i>, <i>omcZ</i> and GSU1497 at different amounts of current produced compared to a soluble Fe(III) control as determined by quantitative RT-PCR.</p