Effect of total intravenous versus inhalation anesthesia on long-term oncological outcomes in patients undergoing curative resection for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study

Background Propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) improves long-term outcomes after cancer surgery compared with inhalation anesthesia. However, its effect on patients undergoing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) surgery remains unclear. We aimed to compare the oncological outcomes of TIVA and inhalation anesthesia after curative resection of early-stage NSCLC. Methods We analyzed the medical records of patients diagnosed with stage I or II NSCLC who underwent curative resection at a tertiary university hospital between January 2010 and December 2017. The primary outcomes were recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) according to anesthesia type. Results We included 1,508 patients with stage I/II NSCLC. The patients were divided into the TIVA (n = 980) and Inhalation (n = 528) groups. The two groups were well-balanced in terms of baseline clinical characteristics. The TIVA group demonstrated significantly improved RFS (7.7 years, 95% CI [7.37, 8.02]) compared with the Inhalation group (6.8 years, 95% CI [6.30, 7.22], P = 0.003). Similarly, TIVA was superior to inhalation agents with respect to OS (median OS; 8.4 years, 95% CI [8.08, 8.69] vs. 7.3 years, 95% CI [6.81, 7.71]; P < 0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that TIVA was an independent prognostic factor related to recurrence (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.24, 95% CI [1.04, 1.47], P = 0.014) and OS (HR: 1.39, 95% CI [1.12, 1.72], P = 0.002). Conclusions Propofol-based TIVA was associated with better RFS and OS than inhalation anesthesia in patients with stage I/II NSCLC who underwent curative resection

Can satellite-based data substitute for surveyed data to predict the spatial probability of forest fire? A geostatistical approach to forest fire in the Republic of Korea

To assess which data type is more effective for spatial modeling in the Republic of Korea, we conducted geostatistical analysis based on frequency, intensity, and spatial autocorrelation using two types of forest fire occurrence data: that collected through field survey of the Korea Forest Service (KFS) and satellite active fire data of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model was used with environmental factors in the spatial modeling of fire probability to compare the accuracy of the two data types based on 10 years of historical data. The results showed a clear difference in fire frequency and similar fire intensity patterns. The spatial autocorrelation between the fire frequency and intensity of the two data types was analyzed using a semi-variogram. Fire intensity was significantly correlated, with the MODIS data having a higher correlation than the KFS data. Examination of the spatial autocorrelation and related factors by fire source also indicated that MODIS data had higher spatial autocorrelation, with remarkable distinction found in climate factors. In spatial the modeling, MODIS data showed a similar outcome to that of hotspot analysis, with higher accuracy and better model performance attributable to high spatial autocorrelation. Even though the KFS data were collected from post-fire surveys, they resulted in low spatial autocorrelation and reduced model accuracy owing to the wide distribution of data. MODIS had many detection errors. With spatial filtering, however, the model accuracy can be improved with relatively high spatial autocorrelation

Windmill Nystagmus in a Patient with Visual Loss

Windmill nystagmus is characterized by a clock-like rotation of the direction of nystagmus. The typical pattern of windmill nystagmus has only once been described in a patient with acquired blindness. We report a second case of windmill nystagmus in a patient with visual loss

Molecular and biological aspects of early germ cell development in interspecies hybrids between chickens and pheasants

Interspecific hybrids provide insights into fundamental genetic principles, and may prove useful for biotechnological applications and as tools for the conservation of endangered species. In the present study, interspecies hybrids were generated between the Korean ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and the White Leghorn chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus). We determined whether these hybrids were good recipients for the production of germline chimeric birds. PCR-based species-specific amplification and karyotype analyses showed that the hybrids inherited genetic material from both parents. Evaluation of biological function indicated that the growth rates of hybrids during the exponential phase (body weight/week) were similar to those of the pheasant but not the chicken, and that the incubation period for hatching was significantly different from that of both parents. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) of hybrids reacted with a pheasant PGC-specific antibody and circulated normally in blood vessels. The peak time of hybrid PGC migration was equivalent to that of the pheasant. In late embryonic stages, germ cells were detected by the QCR1 antibody on 15 d male gonads and were normally localized in the seminiferous cords. We examined the migration ability and developmental localization of exogenous PGCs transferred into the blood vessels of 63 h hybrid embryos. Donor-derived PGCs reacted with a donor-specific antibody were detected on 7 d gonads and the seminiferous tubules of hatchlings. Therefore, germ cell transfer into developing embryos of an interspecies hybrid can be efficiently used for the conservation of threatened animals and endangered species, and many biotechnological applications

Factors that affect toxicity in pelvis radiotherapy.

<p>Factors that affect toxicity in pelvis radiotherapy.</p