Estudio de la viabilidad de una fábrica autónoma mediante el uso de energías renovables y diseño de la instalación solar fotovoltaica

El presente TFG abordará el diseño de una instalación fotovoltaica aislada de la red con la finalidad de cubrir las necesidades energéticas de una fábrica. El objetivo principal es conseguir su completa autonomía sin la necesidad de estar conectada a la red eléctrica convencional, dimensionando y justificando todos los elementos necesarios para satisfacer en todo momento las demandas energéticas. Para ello, se necesitará conocer los consumos propios de la fábrica, la normativa vigente y su emplazamiento. Durante este proyecto se desarrollarán los aspectos técnicos y formales para la implementación de una instalación solar fotovoltaica como única fuente de abastecimiento de energía, por lo que el dimensionado priorizará la necesidad de garantizar el abastecimiento en todo momento. Se analizará en detenimiento la evolución del estado de carga de las baterías como punto de vital importancia, pues son el componente más costoso de una instalación fotovoltaica aislada y un dimensionado escaso provocará que se acorte su vida útil. Bajo estas premisas se analizará la viabilidad técnica y económica del proyecto adoptando las medidas necesarias con el fin de aumentar la rentabilidad a largo plazo. En el caso de no ser viable se presentarán alternativas a este planteamiento inicia

Polarimetric Determination of Starch in Raw Materials and Discharged Waste from Beer Production

Brewer’s spent grain (BGS) is a by-product of thebrewing process, consisting of the solid fraction of barley malt remainingafter separation of worth. In this research, raw materials and discharged waste from beer production were evaluated on the basis of starch content, using Ewers polarimetric method

Evaluation of Extraction Methods for the Analysis of Carotenoids for Different Vegetable Matrix

In this study, different solvents were used to achieve the maximum extractibility of total carotenoids. The extracted total carotenoids were estimated using UV- visible spectrophotometer. Carotenoids from vegetable matrix can be used as a food colorant, food additive, cosmetics, antioxidants and nutraceuticals

Physico-Chemical Changes during Growth and Development of Three Plum Varieties

In order to determine the physico-chemical changes during growth and development of three plum varieties, three species were analyzed (Stanley, Vânăt de Italia and Tuleu Gras) by harvesting the fruits at six different phases of development from the interior and the periphery of the crown. The changes that occurred for the studied samples were the following:  the mass increased from 2.29 g to 37.16 g (Stanley 3.90 g / fruit →30.96 g / fruit, Vânăt de Italia variety 4.42 g / fruit →35.11 g / fruit, Tuleu Gras variety 2.81 g / fruit → 38.29 g / fruit), the diameter increased from 2.52 cm to 5.2 cm (Stanley 3.15 cm / fruit → 5.17 cm / fruit, Vânăt de Italia 3.00 cm  / fruit → 5.20 cm / fruit ,Tuleu Gras 2.63 cm  / fruit → 4.99 cm / fruit), the moisture ranged from 73.83-90.01% (Stanley 79.97% - 88.52% , Vânăt de Italia 75.84% - 87.80%, Tuleu Gras 79.85% - 90.02%), the acidity decreased from 0.48% - 0.07% (Stanley 1.27%→ 0.78%, Vânăt de Italia 1.28%→ 0.80%, Tuleu Gras 1.28%→0.75%), pH increased from 2.52 to 5.2 (Stanley 3.14 → 3.74, Vânăt de Italia 2.72 → 3.78, Tuleu Gras 2.97 → 3.94) and the total soluble solide (TSS) ranged from 6.4-23.95˚Brix (Stanley 6.4˚ → 21.3˚ Brix, Vânăt de Italia 7.05˚ → 23.35˚ Brix, Tuleu Gras 8.55˚ → 23.95˚Brix). The obtained results are helpful for the industry and consumers to choose the suitable plum fruits

Traditional Eastern European diet and mortality: prospective evidence from the HAPIEE study

PURPOSE: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality rates in Eastern Europe are among the highest in the world. Although diet is an important risk factor, traditional eating habits in this region have not yet been explored. This analysis assessed the relationship between traditional dietary pattern and mortality from all-causes, CVD and cancer in Eastern European cohorts. METHODS: Data from the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe prospective cohort were used, including participants from Russia, Poland and the Czech Republic. Based on food frequency questionnaire data, we constructed an Eastern European diet score (EEDS) from nine food groups which can be considered as traditional in this region. The relationship between categorical (low, moderate, high) and continuous (range 0-18) EEDS and mortality was estimated with Cox-regression. RESULTS: From 18,852 eligible participants, 2234 died during follow-up. In multivariable adjusted models, participants with high adherence to the traditional Eastern European diet had significantly higher risk of all-cause (HR 1.23; 95% CI 1.08-1.42) and CVD (1.34; 1.08-1.66) deaths compared to those with low adherence. The association with cancer mortality was only significant in Poland (high vs. low EEDS: 1.41; 1.00-1.98). From the specific EEDS components, high consumption of lard was significantly positively related to all three mortality outcomes, while preserved fruit and vegetable consumption showed consistent inverse associations. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that traditional eating habits may contribute to the poor health status, particularly the high CVD mortality rates, of populations in Eastern Europe. Adequate public health nutritional interventions in this region are essential

Traditional Eastern European diet and mortality : prospective evidence from the HAPIEE study

Purpose: cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality rates in Eastern Europe are among the highest in the world. Although diet is an important risk factor, traditional eating habits in this region have not yet been explored. This analysis assessed the relationship between traditional dietary pattern and mortality from all-causes, CVD and cancer in Eastern European cohorts. Methods: data from the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe prospective cohort were used, including participants from Russia, Poland and the Czech Republic. Based on food frequency questionnaire data, we constructed an Eastern European diet score (EEDS) from nine food groups which can be considered as traditional in this region. The relationship between categorical (low, moderate, high) and continuous (range 0-18) EEDS and mortality was estimated with Cox-regression. Results: from 18,852 eligible participants, 2234 died during follow-up. In multivariable adjusted models, participants with high adherence to the traditional Eastern European diet had significantly higher risk of all-cause (HR 1.23; 95% CI 1.08-1.42) and CVD (1.34; 1.08-1.66) deaths compared to those with low adherence. The association with cancer mortality was only significant in Poland (high vs. low EEDS: 1.41; 1.00-1.98). From the specific EEDS components, high consumption of lard was significantly positively related to all three mortality outcomes, while preserved fruit and vegetable consumption showed consistent inverse associations. Conclusion: our results suggest that traditional eating habits may contribute to the poor health status, particularly the high CVD mortality rates, of populations in Eastern Europe. Adequate public health nutritional interventions in this region are essential

The Influence of in Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion of Brassica oleracea Florets on the Antioxidant Activity and Chlorophyll, Carotenoid and Phenolic Content

Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica is known to contain a wide variety of antioxidants and due to the protection against various diseases its consumption has been increasing over the years. Thus, knowledge of the changes that occur during the digestion process is of great interest. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of broccoli on antioxidant activity and on the chlorophyll, carotenoid and phenolic content. First, the ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds was optimized and the kinetic model was evaluated. Then, the broccoli was subjected to a static simulated digestion. The antioxidant activity was monitored by ABTS [2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)] assay and the contents of target compounds were investigated by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and thin-layer chromatography. The optimum conditions were: solvent—ethanol; time—20 min and temperature—30 °C, and a second order kinetic model was found to describe the mechanism of extraction. The antioxidant activity and carotenoid, chlorophyll and total phenolic content was significantly decreased after simulated gastric and intestinal digestion. The gastric digestion considerably decreased carotenoid and chlorophyll content, meanwhile the intestinal digestion significantly decreased the total phenolic content (TPC). The antioxidant activity was equally affected by both gastric and intestinal digestion

Estudio de la viabilidad de una fábrica autónoma mediante el uso de energías renovables y diseño de la instalación solar fotovoltaica

El presente TFG abordará el diseño de una instalación fotovoltaica aislada de la red con la finalidad de cubrir las necesidades energéticas de una fábrica. El objetivo principal es conseguir su completa autonomía sin la necesidad de estar conectada a la red eléctrica convencional, dimensionando y justificando todos los elementos necesarios para satisfacer en todo momento las demandas energéticas. Para ello, se necesitará conocer los consumos propios de la fábrica, la normativa vigente y su emplazamiento. Durante este proyecto se desarrollarán los aspectos técnicos y formales para la implementación de una instalación solar fotovoltaica como única fuente de abastecimiento de energía, por lo que el dimensionado priorizará la necesidad de garantizar el abastecimiento en todo momento. Se analizará en detenimiento la evolución del estado de carga de las baterías como punto de vital importancia, pues son el componente más costoso de una instalación fotovoltaica aislada y un dimensionado escaso provocará que se acorte su vida útil. Bajo estas premisas se analizará la viabilidad técnica y económica del proyecto adoptando las medidas necesarias con el fin de aumentar la rentabilidad a largo plazo. En el caso de no ser viable se presentarán alternativas a este planteamiento inicia

Sweeteners from Different Lingonberry Jams Influence on Bioaccessibility of Vitamin C, Anthocyanins and Antioxidant Capacity under In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion

Lingonberries are considered anot fully exploited major source of antioxidants. Their health benefits are closely linked to their bioavailability. Due to growing health concerns, consumers are looking for jams prepared with sweeteners other than white sugar, which could be a good alternative to meet their needs. The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of sucrose, fructose, erythritol, brown sugar, coconut sugar, stevia and saccharine on the bioaccessibility of vitamin C, anthocyanins andthe antioxidant capacity of lingonberry jams under in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The vitamin C, total anthocyanin content and antioxidant capacity measured by ABTS and FRAP assays were determined spectrophotometrically. Individual anthocyanins were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. All analyzed compounds were highly altered during gastrointestinal digestion and this effect was more visible in the case of the anthocyanins. Antioxidant capacity decreased after gastric digestion, but after the gastrointestinal step, radical scavenging capacity increased, while reducing power decreased. Vitamin C bioaccessibility was negatively affected by coconut sugar addition, while stevia addition showed a protective effect. Fructose and sucrose increased the total anthocyanin stability during the intestinal phase. Stevia, fructose and coconut sugar exhibited high protection of the antioxidant capacity of lingonberry jams during digestion