The culture of the perfect body: analysis of the use of dietary and anorectic elements to weight loss and eating disorders

Eating disorders are psychological disorders that directly affect the physical health of those who suffer from them, with a high mortality rate. Women are more prone to eating disorders than men, which is why most research focuses on women. Thus, 10% of patients with eating disorders are men. The results of bibliographical research are presented through in-depth interviews about the perception of the body that Social Work and Psychology professionals, who worked in both the public and private sectors, as an element that can influence eating disorders. This perception has been analyzed as an element that influences eating disorders. This research reaches three main conclusions: First, the body is considered by professionals as an instrument to stop time when personal identity problems arise, especially when the patient is a woman. Second, professionals perceive their patients' bodies as a responsibility in open conflict with social perceptions seen as something unattainable, ideal, and subject to unattainable parameters. Finally, the perception of the body is guided by social imaginaries in which morality (taboo and sin) and the biological are predominant

The importance of sedation in patients admitted with COVID-19: a systematic review

Analgesia and sedation are an integral part of the care provided to critically ill patients with COVID-19. These patients experience moderate to severe pain at rest and during standard care procedures. Objectives: The objective of this work is to identify the importance of sedation in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Method: The Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE) database were used to find scientific articles that were useful in clarifying this study. Results: An analysis and discussion of 5 experimental articles were carried out to fulfill the objective of this study. Conclusion: Regardless of the medications used, it is believed that it is essential that each ICU develop its management schemes for sedation, analgesia, delirium, mobility, and family involvement to achieve a consistent approach in the management of its patients and, thus, improve the clinical results

Use of ivermectin in the treatment of COVID-19: a review

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 produces a respiratory syndrome that can range from a mild, self-limiting inflammatory condition to severe, progressive pneumonia. Prevention and treatment strategies have become a priority since the emergence of COVID-19. Noteworthy is the use of ivermectin, an anti-parasitic agent, which has been widely recommended by some health professionals for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Objective: To assess the evidence on the efficacy and safety of using ivermectin for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, identifying its mode of action and the benefits and adverse reactions of using this drug. Methods: The search strategy for articles was based on a search in the electronic databases MEDLINE (NationalLibrary of Medicine, United States), LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences), Scielo, specialized libraries of Universities, PubMed, and Google Academic. The selected articles will be from 2015 to 2021. Results and Conclusion: Studies reveal that ivermectin is a broad-spectrum drug with high-fat solubility and has numerous effects on several parasites. In addition to having antiviral and antiparasitic effects, this drug also causes immunomodulation in the host. Ivermectin has already demonstrated its potent antiviral effects in vitro against several RNA viruses, such as influenza A, Zika virus, Newcastle disease virus, yellow fever virus, Chikungunya virus, dengue virus, among others. One way to delay viral transmission would be to stop the virus from replicating, thus reducing the viral load in infected individuals. Thus, studies have shown that ivermectin may have the potential for inhibiting and replicating SARS-CoV-2

Research of the osseointegration and saucerization process in bone regeneration for dental implants: a concise systematic review

​Introduction: In the context of implantology, bone regeneration is a science that aims to recover bone elevation for dental implants, with its main focus being the stomatognathic system. The treatment of oral rehabilitation with implants obtained a substantial evolution through the concept of osseointegration. A physiological process of peri-implant bone remodeling was observed during numerous investigations related to osseointegration and implantology. And, specific immune cells such as macrophages play a crucial role in the dynamics of osseointegration. Objective: to present the main approaches and clinical results on the process of bone regeneration, osseointegration, and saucerization in the implantology scenario through a systematic review of the literature. Methods: The present study followed a systematic review model, following the rules of systematic review – PRISMA. The search strategy was performed in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: The total of 156 articles were found. A total of 74 articles were fully evaluated and 20 were included in this study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 50 studies that were excluded with a high risk of bias (studies with a small sample size). Also, 12 studies were excluded because they did not meet the GRADE. Based on the objective of the present study, it was concluded that bone saucerization around osseointegrated implants represents a fundamental process for dental implant success, and with a controlled immunological process

Preservation of the alveolar ridge in exodontia: a systematic review of the major aesthetic aspects

Introduction: In the work of implant placement in the post-extraction of single teeth, the esthetic zone has been a topic of great interest in the last 4 decades. Significant advances are being made in tissue biology knowledge in terms of post-extraction hard and soft tissue changes, helping to better understand the etiology of these esthetic complications. Objective: The present study carried out a concise systematic review of the tooth extraction process in light of minimally invasive extraction to preserve the esthetic area. Methods: The present study followed a concise systematic review model, following the rules of systematic review – PRISMA. The search strategy was carried out in the PubMed, Embase, Ovid, Cochrane Library, Web Of Science, and Scopus databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument, and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 104 studies were found and, after that, 36 studies of high to medium quality. As a result, it became evident that the extraction of a tooth initiates a series of reparative processes involving hard tissue (alveolar bone) and soft tissue (periodontal), gingiva). Alveolar bone changes after tooth extraction can compromise prosthetic rehabilitation. Alveolar ridge preservation has been proposed to limit these changes and improve prosthetic and esthetic results when implants are used. Alveolar ridge preservation techniques can minimize the overall changes in residual ridge height and width six months after extraction, but the evidence is very uncertain. There is no evidence of differences in the need for additional augmentation at the time of implant placement, implant failure, esthetic outcomes, or any other clinical parameters due to a lack of long-term information or data

Chemical composition and fatty acid profile of rhea (Rhea americana) meat

The purpose of this work was to determine the proximate composition and fatty acid profiles of the Gastrocnemius pars interna intramuscular fat (IMF) of rhea (Rhea americana) thighs. The birds were bred in captivity, fed with balanced feed (Nutriavestruz Crescimento - Purina) and kept in a pen with grass ad lib. The birds of both sexes used in the research weighed 23 kg on average and were aged about twelve (12) months old. They were subjected to hydric diet (12 h) before slaughtering by electric shock. The rhea meat showed an average moisture, protein, ash and total lipid contents of 74.1%, 22.8%, 1.5% and 1.6%, respectively. It was noticed the predominance of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in intramuscular fat (IMF), 42.3% and a high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), 29.7%.. The fatty acids found in higher proportion in rhea IMF were: 18:2n-6 (24.33%), 18: 1n-9 (19.25%),16:0 (13.70%),22: 1n9 (11.40%),18:0 (10.66%),15: 1n-10 (8.62%),24: 1n-9 (2.90%) and 20:4n-6 (1.72%). The PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 ratios were 1.06 and 31.30, respectively. The consumption of rhea meat is a healthy alternative to red meat as it points to a lower susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases caused by the high consumption of fat comparatively to the consumption of meat from most domesticated animals.El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la composición aproximada y el perfil de ácidos grasos en la carne de la parte intramuscular IMF) interna de la pierna de ñandú (Rhea americana). Las aves fueron criadas en cautiverio, alimentadas con ración balanceada (Nutriavestruz Crescimento – Purina) y mantenidas en corral con pasto ad lib. La edad media de las aves de los dos sexos usados en la investigación fue de 12 meses y el peso medio de 23 kg. Fueron sometidas a dieta hídrica por 12 horas antes de matarlas por aplicación de descarga eléctrica. Los resultados de contenido medio de humedad, proteína, cenizas y lípidos totales fue de 74.1%, 22.8%, 1.5% y 1.6%, respectivamente. Fue posible notar una predominancia de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados (MUFA) en la gordura intramuscular (IMF) ), 42.3% y un alto porcentaje de ácidos grasos poli-insaturados (PUFA), 29.7%. Los ácidos grasos encontrados en mayor proporción en rhea IMF fueron: 18:2n 6 (24.33%), 18:1n 9 (19.25%), 16:0 (13.70%), 22:1n9 (11.40%), 18:0 (10.66%), 15:1n 10 (8.62%), 24:1n 9 (2.90%) y 20:4n 6 (1.72%). La PUFA/SFA (ácidos grasos saturados) y relación n-6/ n-3 fue 1.06 y 31.30, respectivamente. El consumo de carne de ñandú es una alternativa saludable frente a la carne roja pues su consumo presenta una menor susceptibilidad a enfermedades cardiovasculares causadas por alto consumo de grasas cuando comparado con el consumo de carne de animales domesticados

Fusogenic liposomes increase the antimicrobial activity of vancomycin against staphylococcus aureus biofilm

The aim of the present study was to encapsulate vancomycin in different liposomal formulations and compare the in vitro antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Large unilamellar vesicles of conventional (LUV VAN), fusogenic (LUVfuso VAN), and cationic (LUVcat VAN) liposomes encapsulating VAN were characterized in terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, encapsulation efficiency (%EE) and in vitro release kinetics. The formulations were tested for their Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and inhibitory activity on biofilm formation and viability, using methicillin-susceptible S. aureus ATCC 29213 and methicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC 43300 strains. LUV VAN showed better %EE (32.5%) and sustained release than LUVfuso VAN, LUVcat VAN, and free VAN. The formulations were stable over 180 days at 4 degrees C, except for LUV VAN, which was stable up to 120 days. The MIC values for liposomal formulations and free VAN ranged from 0.78 to 1.56 mu g/ml against both tested strains, with no difference in the inhibition of biofilm formation as compared to free VAN. However, when treating mature biofilm, encapsulated LUVfuso VAN increased the antimicrobial efficacy as compared to the other liposomal formulations and to free VAN, demonstrating a better ability to penetrate the biofilm. Vancomycin encapsulated in fusogenic liposomes demonstrated enhanced antimicrobial activity against mature S. aureus biofilms10FAPESP – Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa Do Estado De São Paulo2014/14457-

Pharmacological Properties of Vochysia Haenkeana (Vochysiaceae) Extract to Neutralize the Neuromuscular Blockade Induced by Bothropstoxin-I (Lys49 Phospholipase A2) Myotoxin

Purpose: Bothrops snakes are responsible for more than 70 % of snakebites every year in Brazil and their venoms cause severe local and systemic damages. The pharmacological properties of medicinal plants have been widely investigated in order to discover new alternative treatments for different classes of diseases including neglected tropical diseases as envenomation by snakebites. In this work, we have investigated the ability of Vochysia haenkeana stem barks extract (VhE) to neutralize the neuromuscular effects caused by Bothropstoxin-I (BthTX-I), the major phospholipase A2 (PLA2) myotoxin from B. jararacussu venom. Methods: The biological compounds of VhE were analysed under thin layer chromatography (TLC) and its neutralizing ability against BthTX-I was assessed through twitch-tension recordings and histological analysis in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm (PND) preparations. The antimicrobial activity of VhE was assessed against S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa strains. The aggregation activity of VhE was analysed under protein precipitation assay. Results: VhE showed the presence of phenolic compound visualized by blue trace under TLC. VhE abolished the neuromuscular blockade caused by BthTX-I applying the pre-toxin incubation treatment and partially neutralized the BthTX-I action under post-toxin incubation treatment; VhE contributed slightly to decrease the myotoxicity induced by BthTX-I. The neutralizing mechanism of VhE may be related to protein aggregation. VhE showed no antimicrobial activity. Conclusion: V. haenkeana extract which has no antimicrobial activity exhibited neutralizing ability against the neuromuscular blockade caused by BthTX-I and also contributed to decrease its myotoxicity. Protein aggregation involving phenolic compounds may be related in these protective effects