Immunological and antitumour effects of corynebacterium parvum

Experimental studies of the immunological and antitumour effects of the anerobic diptheroid bacterium Corynebacterium parvum are described.C. parvum injected systemically into mice resulted in potent stimulation of the lymphoreticular system and augmented humoral immunity; however, cell mediated immunity was suppressed. The C. parvum activated macrophage was determined to be the basis for all these phenomena, exerting both stimulatory and inhibitory effects.Using mouse tumour models both systemically and locally injected C. parvum could be manipulated to achieve therapeutic effects. The form of antitumour immunity generated varied according to the particular C . parvum tumour antigen interaction; following systemic injection, the reuslting antitumour activity was immunologically non specific and mediated directly be activated macrophages, whereas after local interaction of C. parvum with tumour antigen strong specific cell mediated antitumour immunity resulted.Subsequent experimental studies were designed to elucidate further these stimulatory and antitumour effects of C. parvum with a view to providing a rational basis for the clinical evaluation of C. parvum against human cancer. These have comprised:- (a) Manipulation of dose, route and time of C. parvum injection. (b) Tissue distribution studies following injection of labelled C. parvum preparations. (c) The role of immunity against C. parvum in its antitumour effects. (d) The principles of combining C. parvum immunotherapy with conventional anti-cancer chemotherapy. (e) Analyses of the active component of C. parvum

Cold dark matter models with high baryon content

Recent results have suggested that the density of baryons in the Universe, OmegaB, is much more uncertain than previously thought, and may be significantly higher. We demonstrate that a higher OmegaB increases the viability of critical-density cold dark matter (CDM) models. High baryon fraction offers the twin benefits of boosting the first peak in the microwave anisotropy power spectrum and of suppressing short-scale power in the matter power spectrum. These enable viable CDM models to have a larger Hubble constant than otherwise possible. We carry out a general exploration of high OmegaB CDM models, varying the Hubble constant h and the spectral index n. We confront a variety of observational constraints and discuss specific predictions. Although some observational evidence may favour baryon fractions as high as 20 per cent, we find that values around 10 to 15 per cent provide a reasonable fit to a wide range of data. We suggest that models with OmegaB in this range, with h about 0.5 and n about 0.8, are currently the best critical-density CDM models.Comment: 14 pages, LaTeX, with 9 included figures, to appear in MNRAS. Revised version includes updated references, some changes to section 4. Conclusions unchange

Transmission and Reflection of Bose-Einstein Condensates Incident on a Gaussian Potential Barrier

We investigate how Bose-Einstein condensates, whose initial state is either irrotational or contains a single vortex, scatter off a one-dimensional Gaussian potential barrier. We find that for low atom densities the vortex structure within the condensate is maintained during scattering, whereas at medium and high densities, multiple additional vortices can be created by the scattering process, resulting in complex dynamics and disruption of the atom cloud. This disruption originates from two different mechanisms associated respectively with the initial rotation of the atom cloud and the interference between the incident and reflected matter waves. We investigate how the reflection probability depends on the vorticity of the initial state and on the incident velocity of the Bose-Einstein condensate. To interpret our results, we derive a general analytical expression for the reflection coefficient of a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate that scatters off a spatially-varying one-dimensional potential.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure

The Nature of Innovation Market Failure and the Design of Public Support for Private Innovation

We relate the sources of innovation market failure to the dominant mode of sectoral innovation and outline mechanisms for public support of innovation that target specific sources of innovation market failure.innovation; technological change; innovation policy

Anomalous quantum reflection of Bose-Einstein condensates from a silicon surface: the role of dynamical excitations

We investigate the effect of inter-atomic interactions on the quantum-mechanical reflection of Bose-Einstein condensates from regions of rapid potential variation. The reflection process depends critically on the density and incident velocity of the condensate. For low densities and high velocities, the atom cloud has almost the same form before and after reflection. Conversely, at high densities and low velocities, the reflection process generates solitons and vortex rings that fragment the condensate. We show that this fragmentation can explain the anomalously low reflection probabilities recently measured for low-velocity condensates incident on a silicon surface.Comment: 5 figures, 5 pages, references correcte

Chemistry in isolation: High CCH/HCO+ line ratio in the AMIGA galaxy CIG 638

Multi-molecule observations towards an increasing variety of galaxies have been showing that the relative molecular abundances are affected by the type of activity. However, these studies are biased towards bright active galaxies, which are typically in interaction. We study the molecular composition of one of the most isolated galaxies in the local Universe where the physical and chemical properties of their molecular clouds have been determined by intrinsic mechanisms. We present 3 mm broad band observations of the galaxy CIG 638, extracted from the AMIGA sample of isolated galaxies. The emission of the J=1-0 transitions of CCH, HCN, HCO+, and HNC are detected. Integrated intensity ratios between these line are compared with similar observations from the literature towards active galaxies including starburst galaxies (SB), active galactic nuclei (AGN), luminous infrared galaxies (LIRG), and GMCs in M33. A significantly high ratio of CCH with respect to HCN, HCO+, and HNC is found towards CIG 638 when compared with all other galaxies where these species have been detected. This points to either an overabundance of CCH or to a relative lack of dense molecular gas as supported by the low HCN/CO ratio, or both. The data suggest that the CIG 638 is naturally a less perturbed galaxy where a lower fraction of dense molecular gas, as well as a more even distribution could explain the measured ratios. In this scenario the dense gas tracers would be naturally dimmer, while the UV enhanced CCH, would be overproduced in a less shielded medium.Comment: Letter accepted for publication in A&

KSU Wind Ensemble with special guest, Atlanta Youth Wind Symphony

KSU School of Music presents KSU Wind Ensemble with special guests, Atlanta Youth Wind Symphony.https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/musicprograms/1092/thumbnail.jp