Binding of D₁/D₅ specific ligand [³H]SCH23390 to hippocampal membranes of wt and <i>Wfs1</i> knockout mice.

<p>Comparison of specific binding of radioligand [³H]SCH23390 to hippocampal membranes of wt and <i>Wfs1</i> knockout mice. (A) Binding curve of [³H]SCH23390 binding to pooled samples of wt (triangle) and <i>Wfs1</i> knockout (circle) mice. The membrane suspensions (3 mg/well) were incubated with different concentrations of [³H]SCH23390 for 60 min and bound radioactivity was measured. Data are presented as mean ± SEM from experiments (n = 3) performed in duplicates. (B) The level of [³H]SCH23390 binding sites of individual wt and <i>Wfs1</i> knockout mice determined in hippocampal membrane suspensions (6.7 mg/ml.) incubated with 4 nM radioligand. Data presented as mean ± SEM of all the mice tested. *P < 0.05. Data of individual mice are presented in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0172825#pone.0172825.s006" target="_blank">S1 Table</a>.</p

Distribution of Wfs1, D₁, and D₅ proteins in selected regions of the adult mouse brain.

<p>Distribution of Wfs1, D1, and D5 proteins in selected regions of the adult mouse brain. Immunohistochemistry on coronal sections. The detected proteins are indicated above. In the cortex Wfs1, D1, and D5 are all present in layer I, upper part of layer II/III, and in layer V (images show somatosensory cortex; A-C); in the hippocampus Wfs1, D1, and D5 are simultaneously present in pyr and slm of CA1 (D-F); Wfs1, D1 and D5 are all present in Rt and Sth; in amygdala Wfs1 is strongly present in CeA, the lateral edge of BL, and medial and cortical nuclei (G-I), whereas D1 and D5 show only weak signal in CeA and BL (G-I); in the dorsolateral thalamus Wfs1, D1, and D5 are delineating dLG and VPM, note that strongly Wfs1-positive fibers are present in fi, but no D1 or D5 is seen there (J-L), in the substantia nigra Wfs1 has similar distribution with D1, but not with D5 (M-O). For abbreviations, see list. Scale bar is 100 μm in A-C, 1 mm in D-L, 500 μm in M-O.</p

The expression of <i>Wfs1</i> and <i>Drd1a</i> in the adult chick brain.

<p>The expression of <i>Wfs1</i> and <i>Drd1a</i> in the adult chick brain, shown by mRNA <i>in situ</i> hybridization on coronal brain sections. The section plane is shown on image L. The probes are indicated on the left side of the figure. Both, <i>Wfs1</i> and <i>Drd1a</i> show strong expression in rostral to medial MSt (A-F). In Acb and StPalAcb, the expression of <i>Wfs1</i> is substantially weaker than in the surrounding striatal structures (A-B). The expression of <i>Drd1a</i> is weak in Acb and StPalAcb, and is missing in SPO (D-F). In LSt, both <i>Wfs1</i> and <i>Drd1a</i> expression show strengthening gradient in rostrocaudal direction (A-G,J). <i>Wfs1</i>-expressing cells in PHi are shown in higher magnification (I). In the adult brain, ADo and APir are delineated with <i>Wfs1</i> expression, but remain hardly distinguishable by <i>Drd1a</i> expression (H,K). Note that GP is devoid of both <i>Drd1a</i> and <i>Wfs1</i> (B,E,G,J). For abbreviations, see list. Scale bar is 1 mm in A-H and J-K and 500 μm in I.</p

The expression of <i>Wfs1</i> and <i>Drd1a</i> in the adult red-eared slider turtle (<i>Trachemys scripta</i>) brain.

<p>The expression of <i>Wfs1</i> and <i>Drd1a</i> in the adult red-eared slider turtle (<i>Trachemys scripta</i>) brain, shown by mRNA <i>in situ</i> hybridization on coronal brain sections. The sections are in anterio-posterior order from left to right. The probes are indicated on the left side of the figure. <i>Wfs1</i> expression is widespread in the brain of <i>T</i>.<i>scripta</i>, being distinguishedly strong in MC, DC, PT and near the ventricular surface in the caudal DVR (A-D). <i>Drd1a</i> expression occupies the same regions as that of <i>Wfs1</i>, but is missing in MC and very weak in DC and caudal DVR (E-H). Unlike <i>Wfs1</i>, <i>Drd1a</i> is present in LC (E-G). For abbreviations, see list. Scale bar is 1 mm.</p

The expression of <i>Wfs1</i> and <i>Drd1a</i> in the mouse intercalated amygdala and in its putative avian homologue, StC, in chick.

<p>The expression of <i>Wfs1</i> and <i>Drd1a</i> in the mouse intercalated amygdala and in its putative avian homologue, StC, in chick. A, B–in situ hybridization on coronal sections of the mouse brain. C, D–immunohistochemistry on coronal sections of the mouse brain. E, F–in situ hybridization on the coronal sections of the chick brain. The intercalated nuclei of the amygdala (arrowheads) are expressing both Wfs1 and Drd1a in mouse brain (A, B). Wfs1 and D1 proteins are both strongly expressed in the intercalated nuclei (C, D). The insets in C and D show closer view on the intercalated nucleus between the BL and claustrum-endopiriform formation. In chick brain, the StC is expressing both <i>Wfs1</i> and <i>Drd1a</i>. For abbreviations, see list. Scale bar is 100 μm in A-D and 1 mm in E-F.</p

Distribution of Wfs1 protein in the striata of common quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix</i>) and red-eared slider turtle (<i>Trachemys scripta</i>) brains.

<p>Distribution of Wfs1 protein in the striata of quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix</i>) and red-eared slider turtle (<i>Trachemys scripta</i>) brains. The panel shows fluorescent immunohistochemistry on coronal brain sections. Wfs1 expression (green) is seen in medial striatum of quail (A, MSt) and turtle (D, St). Concave arrowheads point the expression in soma in both species (C, F). Wfs1 is detectable in neuronal processes of quail (C, concave arrowheads). Nuclei are counterstained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar is 100 μm.</p

Wfs1 is expressed in dopaminoceptive regions of the amniote brain and modulates levels of D1-like receptors - Sheet 0

<p>Wfs1 is expressed in dopaminoceptive regions of the amniote brain and modulates levels of D1-like receptors</p> - Sheet

Distribution of Wfs1, D₁, and D₅ proteins in the adult mouse brain.

<p>Distribution of Wfs1, D1, and D5 proteins in the adult mouse brain, shown by immunohistochemistry on coronal sections. The sections are in anterio-posterior order from left to right. The detected proteins are indicated on the left side of the figure. Wfs1 is present in the cerebral cortex, in CA1 of hippocampus, CPu, Acb, Tu, amygdala, Rt, PV, VPM, hypothalamus and SNr (A-D). D1 is strongly present in CPu, Acb, Tu, hip, thalamus and SNr (E-H). D5 is present in CPu, Acb, S, hip, thalamus and SNc (I-L). Note that in Tu and SNr the distribution of D1, but not D5, is similar to Wfs1. For abbreviations, see list. Scale bar is 1 mm.</p

The mRNA expression pattern of <i>Wfs1</i>, <i>Drd1a</i>, and <i>Drd5</i> in the adult mouse brain.

<p>The mRNA expression pattern of <i>Wfs1</i>, <i>Drd1a</i>, and <i>Drd5</i> in the adult mouse brain, shown by in situ hybridization. In this and all subsequent figures, the medial side of the coronal sections is on the left and the lateral side on the right. The probes are indicated above. The expression in CPu and ventral striatum (A-C), in somatosensory cortex at the level of bregma 0.74 (D-F), in the amygdala at the level of central and basolateral nuclei (G-I), in the hippocampus (J-L), in the substantia nigra and VTA (M-O). For abbreviations, see list. Scale bar is 1 mm.</p

Similarity between existing and new <i>T. scripta</i> sequences.

<p>Existing <i>T. scripta</i> sequences in Genbank were used as queries in a BLASTN search of our assembled sequences. The BLAST HSP sizes represent the sizes of the sequence matches between existing sequences and new <i>T. scripta</i> transcriptome assembly sequences.</p