A Comparative Content Analysis Of African American And Caucasian Role Portrayals In Broadcast Television Entertainment Programming

This study examines the nature and number of character portrayals in broadcast entertainment programming. More specifically, the portrayals of African American characters are examined and compared to Caucasian portrayals. The goal of this study is to determine what, if any, stereotypes may still be prevalent on broadcast television and if there are any discrepancies between portrayals of African American and Caucasian characters. A content analysis methodology was utilized to code 577 character occurrences from broadcast television entertainment programs popular with African Americans and Caucasian audiences. Each character occurrence was evaluated using thirty-two schematic differential items with regard to portrayal attributes, physical characteristics, behavioral characteristics, appearance characteristics, and the five factor model of personality elements. T-test and z-score analysis were used to determine significant differences between items. Results determined that African American characters were not portrayed in a negative manner when compared to Caucasian characters. African American characters were underrepresented on television but were within 2% of their population rate. However, in programming watched by African Americans, they were overrepresented. The most common significantly different characteristics found between African American and Caucasian characters on broadcast entertainment programming were hair color, skin color, amount of makeup and amount of accessories

Difficult Knowledge and the English Classroom: A Catholic Framework Using Cormac McCarthy\u27s The Road

In this article, the authors explore the generative possibilities of risk-taking in the Catholic school English classroom. They associate pedagogical risk with what Deborah Britzman (1998) has called “difficult knowledge”—content that causes students to consider social trauma. Incorporating difficult knowledge meaningfully requires English teachers to take significant pedagogical risks, especially in the Catholic school classroom. Drawing on critical theology and Cormac McCarthy’s novel The Road (2006) as a difficult text, the authors employ a case study looking at how the traumatic difficulty of the novel could be fruitfully taught at a Catholic school. How might students reckon with The Road in a way that recognizes the terrible difficulty of its subjects? How might this difficulty help them to better understand their schools, their communities, and themselves? In engaging these questions, the authors provide new possibilities for class discussion, student engagement, and assessment. Connaissances difficiles et la classe d\u27anglais : Utilisation de La route (The Road) par Cormac McCarthy dans un programme d\u27enseignement catholique Dans cet article, les auteurs étudient les possibilités génératives de prise de risques dans les classes d\u27anglais des écoles catholiques. Ils associent le risque pédagogique avec ce que Deborah Britzman (1998) a appelé des « connaissances difficiles », c\u27est-à-dire un contenu qui amène les élèves à prendre en compte le traumatisme social. L\u27intégration fructueuse des connaissances difficiles exige que les professeurs d\u27anglais prennent des risques pédagogiques substantiels, notamment dans la salle de classe d\u27une école catholique. En s\u27inspirant de la théologie critique et du roman de Cormac McCarthy La route qui est un texte difficile, les auteurs se servent d\u27une étude de cas montrant la manière dont la difficulté traumatique du roman peut faire l\u27objet d\u27un enseignement fructueux dans une école catholique. Comment les élèves peuvent-ils considérer La route d\u27une manière qui reconnaisse les terribles difficultés des sujets traités ? Comment cette difficulté peut-elle les aider à mieux comprendre leurs écoles, leurs communautés et eux-mêmes? En soulevant ces questions, les auteurs ouvrent de nouvelles possibilités de discussions en classe, d\u27engagement de la part des élèves et d\u27évaluation. Mots-clés :Œuvres en langue anglaise, littérature, connaissances difficiles, risque, évaluation, écoles catholiques La route Cormac McCarthy Conocimiento difícil y la clase de inglés: un marco católico usando The Road, de Cormac McCarthy En el presente artículo, los autores exploran las posibilidades generativas de toma de riesgos en la clase de inglés de la escuela católica. Asocian riesgos pedagógicos con lo que Deborah Britzman (1998) ha llamado “conocimiento difícil”, contenido que provoca que los estudiantes consideren el trauma social. Para introducir de una manera profunda el conocimiento difícil, los profesores de inglés deben tomar riesgos pedagógicos significativos, especialmente en las aulas de la escuela católica. Extrayendo de la teología crítica y de la novela The Road (2006), de Cormac McCarthy, un texto difícil, los autores emplean un estudio de caso que observa cómo la dificultad traumática de la novela se podría enseñar fructíferamente en una escuela católica. ¿Cómo podrían considerar los estudiantes The Road de una manera que reconozca la terrible dificultad de sus personajes? ¿Cómo podría esta dificultad ayudarles a comprender mejor las escuelas, sus comunidades y a ellos mismos? Al abarcar estas preguntas, los autores ofrecen nuevas posibilidades para la discusión en clase, la motivación del estudiante y la evaluación. Palabras clave: Lengua y literatura inglesa, literatura, conocimiento difícil, riesgo, evaluación, escuelas católicas, The Road, Cormac McCarth

Intellectual humility and the difficult knowledge of theology

We seek, in this analytical essay, to complicate the conversation around knowledge production in the academy by proposing “intellectual humility” as a mode for moving toward new avenues of knowledge-making, particularly as an epistemic stance against the kinds of “intellectual arrogance” (Lynch, 2017) that have made certain avenues of knowledge, especially in the social sciences, sparsely traveled in the last half century. Drawing on the conceptual frames of difficult knowledge (Britzman, 1998; Garrett, 2017; Pitt & Britzman, 2003) and weak theology (Caputo, 2006), we turn to our own stories of faith and inquiry as ways in to thinking humility, through which we draw broader conclusions about what humility may offer that’s especially useful in this particular post-truth moment. We might unsettle the dangerous story that theology has no use for educational research, other than as a caution against the backwardness of faith in a patriotic god. If we’re to consider the possibility of evidentiary epistemologies as valuable in the work of combating ignorance and asserting certain values in and around education, then we’d do well to further diversify our sense of the possible in public education to include the difficult knowledge of theology as a rich framework for pursuing new ends

The Non-homogeneous Poisson Process for Fast Radio Burst Rates

This paper presents the non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) for modeling the rate of fast radio bursts (FRBs) and other infrequently observed astronomical events. The NHPP, well-known in statistics, can model changes in the rate as a function of both astronomical features and the details of an observing campaign. This is particularly helpful for rare events like FRBs because the NHPP can combine information across surveys, making the most of all available information. The goal of the paper is two-fold. First, it is intended to be a tutorial on the use of the NHPP. Second, we build an NHPP model that incorporates beam patterns and a power law flux distribution for the rate of FRBs. Using information from 12 surveys including 15 detections, we find an all-sky FRB rate of 586.88 events per sky per day above a flux of 1 Jy (95\% CI: 271.86, 923.72) and a flux power-law index of 0.91 (95\% CI: 0.57, 1.25). Our rate is lower than other published rates, but consistent with the rate given in Champion et al. 2016.Comment: 19 pages, 2 figure

Shaping the Contours of Domestic Justice: The International Criminal Court and an Admissibility Challenge in the Uganda Situation

In December 2003, the Government of Uganda referred the situation in conflict-torn northern Uganda to the nascent International Criminal Court. It was the first referral by a State Party under Article 14 of the Rome Statute of ICC and led to the indictment of five leaders of the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA). Four years later, Uganda found itself in the midst of promising peace negotiations with the LRA. A major obstacle to a final agreement was the refusal of the indicted leaders to face ICC justice. Seeking to peacefully resolve the conflict, the Government signed a preliminary agreement in which it would assume the prosecution of the indictees. Under the principle of complementarity embedded in Article 17 of the Rome Statute, the ICC cannot prosecute where a jurisdictional state has undertaken investigation or prosecution, unless the State’s action is in an attempt to shield the accused from justice. However, with the case against the LRA leaders already deemed admissible, an admissibility challenge would be necessary to withdraw the ICC indictments. This paper examines the various and complex issues regarding both the nature of challenging admissibility generally and particular issues that arise from such challenges in the context of State self-referrals. The article proposes three different visions of complementarity as a means of understanding the boundaries within which the Court may situate a decision, and applies them to the hypothetical situation of an admissibility challenge to the LRA indictments. The options of both the indictees and Uganda are explored and the prospects for a successful challenge are examined. The paper concludes by suggesting a critical role for the Court in both resolving conflict and shaping the contours of acceptable domestic efforts to bring those responsible for grave crimes to justice

Shaping the Contours of Domestic Justice: The International Criminal Court and an Admissibility Challenge in the Uganda Situation

In December 2003, the Government of Uganda referred the situation in conflict-torn northern Uganda to the nascent International Criminal Court. It was the first referral by a State Party under Article 14 of the Rome Statute of ICC and led to the indictment of five leaders of the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA). Four years later, Uganda found itself in the midst of promising peace negotiations with the LRA. A major obstacle to a final agreement was the refusal of the indicted leaders to face ICC justice. Seeking to peacefully resolve the conflict, the Government signed a preliminary agreement in which it would assume the prosecution of the indictees. Under the principle of complementarity embedded in Article 17 of the Rome Statute, the ICC cannot prosecute where a jurisdictional state has undertaken investigation or prosecution, unless the State’s action is in an attempt to shield the accused from justice. However, with the case against the LRA leaders already deemed admissible, an admissibility challenge would be necessary to withdraw the ICC indictments. This paper examines the various and complex issues regarding both the nature of challenging admissibility generally and particular issues that arise from such challenges in the context of State self-referrals. The article proposes three different visions of complementarity as a means of understanding the boundaries within which the Court may situate a decision, and applies them to the hypothetical situation of an admissibility challenge to the LRA indictments. The options of both the indictees and Uganda are explored and the prospects for a successful challenge are examined. The paper concludes by suggesting a critical role for the Court in both resolving conflict and shaping the contours of acceptable domestic efforts to bring those responsible for grave crimes to justice

Electron-impact excitation of Ni II: Collision strengths and effective collision strengths for low lying fine-structure forbidden transitions

Context. Considerable demand exists for electron excitation data for Ni ii, since lines from this abundant ion are observed in a wide variety of laboratory and astrophysical spectra. The accurate theoretical determination of these data can present a significant challenge however, due to complications arising from the presence of an open 3d-shell in the description of the target ion. Aims. In this work we present collision strengths and Maxwellian averaged effective collision strengths for the electron-impact ex- citation of Ni ii. Attention is concentrated on the 153 forbidden fine-structure transitions between the energetically lowest 18 levels of Ni ii. Effective collision strengths have been evaluated at 27 individual electron temperatures ranging from 30–100 000 K. To our knowledge this is the most extensive theoretical collisional study carried out on this ion to date.Methods. The parallel R-matrix package RMATRX II has recently been extended to allow for the inclusion of relativistic effects. This suite of codes has been utilised in the present work in conjunction with PSTGF to evaluate collision strengths and effective collision strengths for all of the low-lying forbidden fine-structure transitions. The following basis configurations were included in the target model – 3d9 , 3d8 4s, 3d8 4p, 3d7 4s2 and 3d7 4s4p – giving rise to a sophisticated 295 j j-level, 1930 coupled channel scattering problem. Results. Comprehensive comparisons are made between the present collisional data and those obtained from earlier theoretical evaluations. While the effective collision strengths agree well for some transitions, significant discrepancies exist for others

The origin of polymetallic Ni-Co-As-Bi-Sb(-Ag-U) veins in the East Arm Basin and southern Slave Province, Northwest Territories

150, [12] leaves : illustrations (chiefly colour), colour maps ; 29 cmIncludes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.Polymetallic, “five-metals association (FMA)”-type Ni-Co-As-Bi-Sb (-Ag-U) hydrothermal vein deposits occur in the vicinity of the East Arm Basin, Great Slave Lake, at Blanchet Island and Copper Pass, Northwest Territories of Canada (Great Slave Lake East Arm basin), the locations of this study. Integration of bulk and microanalytical methods (e.g., cathodoluminescence (CL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluid inclusion microthermometry, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS)) was focused on these systems with the goal of updating the current model for this deposit style. The vein systems in the East Arm Basin occur over 55 km, and share similar microthermometric, isotopic, ore tenor and paragenetic characteristics. Fluid inclusion results indicates salinity (~18-23 wt% CaCl2 equiv.) and minimum entrapment T (~170-250°C) varied little with time during vein formation. An entrapment window between ~145 and 225°C and 0.5 to 0.95 kbar is estimated for coeval brine and carbonic inclusions. Fluid δ18O values increased by as much as 10 ‰ at the onset of mineralization. Quartz-carbonate hosted fluid inclusions in mineralized veins are enriched in Ca-Sr-Ba-Mg-Mn-Pb-Zn but contain only low-ppm concentrations of ore metals. Primary coeval bitumen inclusions, in contrast, are significantly enriched in U-Ni-Co-Bi-Ag-Sb-As-Mo-Cu. Integration of all data types strongly suggests that the precipitation of metals and bitumen was triggered by isothermal mixing of 18O-rich basinal brines and metal-rich bitumen particles or oil droplets; oxidation of this hydrocarbon phase resulted in metal precipitation. The basinal brines and associated metal-rich bitumen are thought to be derived from formly overlying outliers of the Athabasca -Hornby Bay -Thelon sedimentary basins that now outcrop ~300-1000 km away from the study areas. This work provides a direct confirmation for the involvement of basinal ore fluids, supporting recent models (i.e fluid mixing) and demonstrating hydrocarbons participated as metal transport agents