Methotrexate depletes serotonin (5-HT) production and 5-HT2B receptor expression in the small intestine of rats

This item is only available electronically.Thesis (BHlthMSc(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, Adelaide Medical School, YEA

"We can still live a positive life" : The experience and impact of community support for people living with HIV

Non peer reviewe

What happens to University of Hertfordshire DClinPsy research? A survey exploring community dissemination & barriers that prevent this

© The British Psychological Society. This is the accepted manuscript version of an article which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.2023.1.366.60Historically, the dissemination of research findings across many disciplines has been limited to peer reviewed journals. More recently, dissemination practices are broadening to include sharing with wider audiences, such as the community being researched. At the University of Hertfordshire some doctoral clinical psychology trainees disseminate more widely than others. Research has not yet asked what helps support trainees on the programme to disseminate their work beyond scientific publication, or what barriers disrupt this. This programme-related project utilised a mixed methods survey which aimed to gain an understanding of barriers to community dissemination practices and how these could be overcome. Results indicated that, although participants strongly agreed that findings should be shared with communities researched, barriers to delivering this exist. The identified barriers to community dissemination included time and limited awareness of community dissemination practices. Further support from supervisors and teaching on wider dissemination practices may help trainees to disseminate more widely. This is important as it could move dissemination outside of the academic community where findings could reach those who could benefit most from them.Peer reviewe

Racial equity and decolonisation within the DClinPsy: How far have we come and where are we going? Trainee clinical psychologists’ perspectives of the curriculum and research practices

© The British Psychological Society. This is the accepted manuscript version of an article which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.2023.1.366.32Introduction: Clinical Psychology has long been criticised as a profession that is rooted in coloniality, that preserves whiteness as the norm through its practices. Arguably, this has led to many racial disparities in the mental health outcomes for racially minoritised groups living in the UK. In more recent years, clinical psychology training courses (DClinPsy) have focused their efforts to develop Equality, Diversity and Inclusion initiatives, leading to changes in the curriculum. Aims: The aim of the current study is to explore how trainee clinical sychologists (TCP) understand racial equity and decolonisation in relation to the DClinPsy curriculum and research practices. Also, to explore whether trainees have experienced any changes in relation to racial equity and decolonisation agendas and what changes would they like to see in the future. Method: Three focus groups were conducted with TCPs across various DClinPsy courses, which were analysed using a thematic analysis. Results: The data presented four themes: ‘defining and enacting racial equity’, ‘the DClinPsy course content’, ‘structural and societal barriers’ and ‘the future’. Conclusions: The findings highlight the various complexities and dilemmas that surround DClinPsy courses. The results also show key areas of progression, development, and recommendations to enhance the racial equitability of the DClinPsy curriculum and research practices, in the hope of improving the mental health service provision and outcomes for racially-minoritised groups.Peer reviewe

Applying self-processing biases in education:improving learning through ownership

Accepting ownership of an item is an effective way of associating it with self, evoking self-processing biases that enhance memory. This memory advantage occurs even in ownership games, where items are arbitrarily divided between participants to temporarily ‘own’. The current study tested the educational applications of ownership games across two experiments. In Experiment 1, 7 to 9-year-old children were asked to choose three novel, labelled shapes from an array of nine. The experimenter chose three shapes and three remained ‘un-owned’. A subsequent free-recall test showed that children reliably learned more self-owned than other-owned or un-owned shapes. Experiment 2 replicated this finding for shapes that were assigned to owners rather than chosen, and showed that ownership enhanced memory more effectively than a control game with no ownership manipulation. Together, these experiments show that ownership games can evoke self-processing biases in children’s memory, enhancing learning. Implications for education strategies are discussed

‘After god, we give strength to each other’: young people’s experiences of coping in the context of unaccompanied forced migration

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Young people arriving alone in the UK due to forced migration face significant hardships including, but not limited to, their history of experiences, current and future uncertainties, and cultural differences. This paper took a critical perspective of current dominant theories of refugee youth through in-depth exploration of lived experiences of coping. Following the authors’ involvement in a community youth project and consultation, five young people took part in individual interviews. The participants were living in semi-independent accommodation in or near London, and were all male, while four identified as Muslim and one as Christian. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), a culturally relative understanding of coping was developed. These young people were found to be taking active roles in managing their lives in the context of extensive loss, and gaining independence through connection to others. Religious practices were important, with young people making sense of their experiences through worldviews shaped by religious beliefs. While religion was described predominantly in a positive and beneficial light, an area for further investigation is the experience of religious struggle, and how this may impact experiences and coping. Implications for support for young people both from services and in communities are suggested.Peer reviewe

Experiences of Coping in Young Unaccompanied Refugees in the UK

Research with refugees tends to be dominated by mainstream medical and trauma models. However, development of resilience theories and research on coping increasingly find that such constructs can open up currently limited understandings of the refugee experience. This research took a culturally relativist approach to explore experiences of coping in young unaccompanied refugees in the UK. Following extensive consultation, five young refugees were recruited, who were living independently or semi-independently having arrived in the UK without their family, at the age of 15 or 16. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to explore experiences and understanding of ‘coping’, whilst acknowledging the relative contributions of their own and my own cultural frameworks and the limitations of language; three participants made use of having an interpreter present. The accounts are presented idiographically, under three major themes that were apparent on multiple levels of the refugees’ lives, from the individual to the cultural: ‘Adaptation in the context of hardship and loss’, ‘Beliefs and worldview in shaping a new life’, and ‘Building strength and self-reliance’. These findings contribute to research finding resilience in refugee lives, whilst not to the detriment of incredible loss and pain. The research attests to the significance of cultural frameworks in refugee coping, with religion playing a key role. The themes are discussed in relation to existing literature and relevant texts, with implications for further research and clinical practice. The role of professionals as allies of refugees is suggested, in promoting socially inclusive practices that involves work both in the clinic and on community and social levels

Using Bendable and Rigid Manipulatives in Primary Mathematics: Is One More Effective Than the Other in Conceptualising 3D Objects from Their 2D Nets?

The usefulness of manipulatives in the primary maths classroom has been frequently asserted. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two different types of manipulatives, bendable and rigid, as aids for the conceptualisation of 3D solids from 2D nets (fold-outs of solid geometrical shapes) within the NSW Stage 2 Mathematics Curriculum. Contrary to initial expectations, the bendable nets, although more attractive to pupils, did not prove superior to the rigid variety. In fact, the most noticeable advances in conceptualisation followed teaching experiences using the rigid nets. Although this was a preliminary study and the sample sizes were too small to support solid conclusions, it is suggested that the data were sufficiently robust to warrant further investigation. We suggest that the lower than expected results for the bendable nets may be explained, partially, by the reduced conceptual demands made by these more ‘obvious’ shapes. Correspondingly, the greater mental visualisation required when working with the rigid nets may have produced heightened student conceptualisation

Progressive dehydration in decomposing bone: a potential tool for forensic anthropology

The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether collagen and/or water content of bone vary during soft tissue putrefaction by thermogravimetric analysis with a view to eventually developing a possible forensic application to determine post-mortem interval. Porcine bone decomposed in a shallow burial showed an approximate difference in average mass loss of 15  ± 8% when heated between 22 and 100 °C, compared to 14 ± 3% for porcine bone decomposed in a surface deposition, equating to water loss. Mass loss showed peaks at 0, 250–500 and 1200–1500 cumulative cooling degree days’ (CCDD) deposition for the experimental porcine bone. Should these measurements prove consistent in future studies on a wider variety of porcine and eventually human skeletal elements, they may have potential to be corroborated with other data when determining post-mortem interval, especially with disarticulated bones. A downward trend in mass loss was apparent within shallow burial and surface deposition scenarios (inclusive of freeze-dried controls) for the thermolysis of collagen (and other proteins) between 220 and 650 °C during thermogravimetric analysis. This was inconsistent within the time frame examined (0–1450 cumulative cooling degree days), and so demonstrates less potential as an indicator of post-mortem interval during soft tissue putrefaction