242 research outputs found
Failure time and critical behaviour of fracture precursors in heterogeneous materials
The acoustic emission of fracture precursors, and the failure time of samples
of heterogeneous materials (wood, fiberglass) are studied as a function of the
load features and geometry. It is shown that in these materials the failure
time is predicted with a good accuracy by a model of microcrack nucleation
proposed by Pomeau. We find that the time interval between events
(precursors) and the energy are power law distributed and that
the exponents of these power laws depend on the load history and on the
material. In contrast, the cumulated acoustic energy presents a critical
divergency near the breaking time which is % E\sim \left( \frac{\tau
-t}\tau \right) ^{-\gamma }. The positive exponent is independent,
within error bars, on all the experimental parameters.Comment: to be published on European Physical Journa
The cooperative effect of load and disorder in thermally activated rupture of a two-dimensional random fuse network
A random fuse network, or equivalently a two-dimensional spring network with
quenched disorder, is subjected to a constant load and thermal noise, and
studied by means of numerical simulations. Rupture is thermally activated and
the lifetime follows an Arrhenius law where the energy barrier is reduced by
disorder. Due to the non-homogeneous distribution of forces from the stress
concentration at microcrack tips, spatial correlations between rupture events
appear, but they do not affect the energy barrier's dependence on the disorder;
they affect only the coupling between the disorder and the applied load
Thermal activation of rupture and slow crack growth in a model of homogenous brittle materials
Slow crack growth in a model of homogenous brittle elastic material is
described as a thermal activation process where stress fluctuations allow to
overcome a breaking threshold through a series of irreversible steps. We study
the case of a single crack in a flat sheet for which analytical predictions can
be made, and compare them with results from the equivalent problem of a 2D
spring network. Good statistical agreement is obtained for the crack growth
profile and final rupture time. The specific scaling of the energy barrier with
stress intensity factor appears as a consequence of irreversibility. In
addition, the model brings out a characteristic growth length whose physical
meaning could be tested experimentally.Comment: To be published in : Europhysics Letter
Travailleurs et champs électromagnétiques industriels: Exposition des travailleurs aux champs électromagnétiques industriels
National audiencePour protĂ©ger les travailleurs contre les risques dus aux champs Ă©lectromagnĂ©tiques, la directive europĂ©enne 2013/35/UE a dĂ©fini des valeurs limites dâexposition et des valeurs dĂ©clenchant lâaction pour les diffĂ©rentes bandes de frĂ©quences.Dans le cas des machines industrielles utilisant gĂ©nĂ©ralement des radiofrĂ©quences, il est parfois dĂ©licat de calculer les valeurs dâexposition des travailleurs dans lâenvironnement de travail.Le projet de recherche EXTI vise Ă Ă©tudier lâexposition des travailleurs aux champs Ă©lectromagnĂ©tiques RF en milieu industriel et Ă mettre en place une nouvelle mĂ©thode de caractĂ©risation de lâexposition par dosimĂ©trie numĂ©rique
Failure time in the fiber-bundle model with thermal noise and disorder
The average time for the onset of macroscopic fractures is analytically and
numerically investigated in the fiber-bundle model with quenched disorder and
thermal noise under a constant load. We find an implicit exact expression for
the failure time in the low-temperature limit that is accurately confirmed by
direct simulations. The effect of the disorder is to lower the energy barrier.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures; accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Krylov-based algebraic multigrid for edge elements
International audienceThis work tackles the evaluation of a multigrid cycling strategy using inner flexible Krylov subspace iterations. It provides a valuable improvement to the Reitzinger and Schšoberl algebraic multigrid method for systems coming from edge element discretization
Omicidio e lesioni personali da incidenti della strada in stato di ebbrezza e di alterazione psico-fisica. Criticit\ue0 e problematiche. Considerazioni medico-legali
Road traffic crashes are a main cause of physical harm and mortality. That means a heavy burden in terms of short, medium and long-term disability and public costs
for society. Among the most relevant cases of severe accidents is driving under the influence of alcohol and psychoactive drugs. That\u2019s the reason of the international
strong effort to combating the phenomenon. In Italy the draft law concerning the criminal offence of vehicular homicide and road traffic personal injuries is currently being discussed. Previously the law n. 120/2010 has already changed the regulation in matter of drink-driving and driving under the influence of controlled substances with stiffer penalties for transgressors and (at least some) guidance as to assess the infringement. The draft law suggests that clinical and toxicological evidences of actual driving impairment has to be proved to reach significance in court, nevertheless no standard and effective procedure has being established for detection, at least for what concerns controlled substances.
The purpose of this article is to put in evidence, in accordance with a medico-legal perspective, some of the issues that emerge from this complex matter (i.e. the need of a list of the impairing substance under detection, of well-defined legal cut-off values, of a better definition of the problems following the therapeutic use of drugs of abuse and other concerns), issues, those, that are now more troubling whereas the introduction of new crimes and punishments is becoming more concrete
The effect of disorder on the fracture nucleation process
The statistical properties of failure are studied in a fiber bundle model
with thermal noise. We show that the macroscopic failure is produced by a
thermal activation of microcracks. Most importantly the effective temperature
of the system is amplified by the spatial disorder (heterogeneity) of the fiber
bundle. The case of a time dependent force and the validity of the Kaiser
effects are also discussed. These results can give more insight to the recent
experimental observations on thermally activated crack and can be useful to
study the failure of electrical networks.Comment: 22 pages, 11 fgure
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