THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE FINANCIAL CONTROL AND TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES OF THIS ONE

The financial control represents an audit activity of the manner in which the financial legislation is respected, with the purpose of preventing the use of unjustified expenses and to assure profit by using the material, financial and work resources. The efficiency reflects certain forms of concrete manifestation of the principle of rationality in the economic activity. The efficiency criteria express the necessity that the engaged factors should be used in optimum conditions, which means that the obtained results should be superior to the submitted efforts. The financial control is not limited to what is happening inside the company and is not limited to its perimeter. It equally regards the financial relations of the economic units with the outside, with the economic, administrative and social environment in which it develops its activity. The financial control is realised only with the help of the value indicators by the own organs of the economic unit, but especially through outside specialized organs which belong to the state or other public organisations. The necessity of the financial control consists in the fact that represents a means of prevention of the illegal facts, a means of identification of the deficiencies and a means of establishment of the measures necessary to become legal. These represent a source of information used un developing the general manager’s activity. The manager of the public entity must know and apply the functions of the control in taking future decisions, namely of: preventing, observing the situation, perfecting, adjusting the activity and correcting the disorders, provision and forecasting, coercive and reparatorycontrol, resources, effects, management

Boron in Human Nutrition and its Regulations Use

Abstract: According to the literature, there are increasingly more scientific data regarding the boron importance in the human nutrition. The request for boron supplements has become more significant due to the following two discoveries: boron transport within the animal cell and the cellular signaling of some bacteria by a sugar borate complex. It is necessary to establish the benefits and the toxicity of boron consumption for humans and animals, although a biological function of boron has not been defined yet. In addition, it is important to know the legal regulations for boron use worldwide, its physiological effects and health uses

In situ detection of boron by ChemCam on Mars

We report the first in situ detection of boron on Mars. Boron has been detected in Gale crater at levels Curiosity rover ChemCam instrument in calcium-sulfate-filled fractures, which formed in a late-stage groundwater circulating mainly in phyllosilicate-rich bedrock interpreted as lacustrine in origin. We consider two main groundwater-driven hypotheses to explain the presence of boron in the veins: leaching of borates out of bedrock or the redistribution of borate by dissolution of borate-bearing evaporite deposits. Our results suggest that an evaporation mechanism is most likely, implying that Gale groundwaters were mildly alkaline. On Earth, boron may be a necessary component for the origin of life; on Mars, its presence suggests that subsurface groundwater conditions could have supported prebiotic chemical reactions if organics were also present and provides additional support for the past habitability of Gale crater

A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effect of Calcium Fructoborate on Systemic Inflammation and Dyslipidemia Markers for Middle-Aged People with Primary Osteoarthritis

The objective of this pilot study was to determine whether 15 days of dietary supplementation with calcium fructoborate could acutely modulate inflammatory and lipid blood markers in individuals diagnosed with primary osteoarthritis. During 2 weeks, a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study was conducted on 116 subjects that were initially recruited. Seventy-two subjects started the study, being divided into four groups, and only 60 completed the study as designed. The aim was to compare the effects of calcium fructoborate to placebo on subjects diagnosed with knee primary osteoarthritis. The obtained outcomes were inflammation biomarkers (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and lipid markers (triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol). No serious adverse events were reported. The calcium fructoborate showed beneficial effect on the inflammatory markers for all groups subjected to the treatment when compared with the placebo group and slight changes in the lipid metabolism. This study suggests that short-term (2 weeks) calcium fructoborate supplementation in patients with osteoarthritis symptoms has a favorable prognosis on inflammation diseases

Rolul borului în prevenirea bolilor osteoarticulare și distribuția acestuia pe teritoriul Republicii Moldova

Introduction. Boron is a trace mineral that is supposed to be essential for human health. Organic plant based boron compounds are highly bioavailable for humans and can positively influence minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and act in synergy with vitamin D, which are beneficial for osteoarticular health. Material and methods. We made an analysis of 126 bibliographic sources and mapped the Republic of Moldova to the content of boron in deep water and to the adults’ prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory polyarthropathy. Results. Boron is important for osteogenesis and its deficiency can lead to impaired growth and abnormal bones development. It supports bone health in postmenopausal women by reducing urinary loss of the minerals such as calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, which are essential for bone building. In countries where soil was depleted of boron and daily intake of this mineral was 1 mg or lower, the incidence of arthritis was between 20 and 70%. In Moldova, in the regions where boron concentration in deep drinking water were low (0.28 mg/L in well water and 0.51 mg/L in artesian well water) in Soroca in 2019, the prevalence with the rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory polyarthropathy were high (51.6 per 10000 inhabitants) with one exception, UTA Gagauzia (35.1 per 10000 inhabitants), where we found a high boron concentration in deep drinking water (2.05 mg/L in well water and 2.2 mg/L in artesian well water) in 2015. Conclusions. Boron can affect bone metabolism. In regions where boron concentration in deep drinking water is low, the osteoarticular morbidity can be higher with the exception of UTA Gagauzia, where we suppose that dietary pattern can be a cause of these results. In the future we will study eating habits in this region and a clearer conclusion will be made.Introducere. Borul este un microelement probabil esențial pentru oameni. Compușii organici ai borului au o biodisponibilitate înaltă pentru oameni și pot influența pozitiv metabolismul calciului, fosforului și al magneziului, acționând în sinergie cu vitamina D, în mod pozitiv pentru oase. Material și metode. Pentru realizarea studiului au fost analizate 126 de surse bibliografice, a fost cartografiată Republica Moldova după concentrația borului în apa potabilă de profunzime și după prevalența adulților prin artrită reumatoidă și poliartropatiile inflamatorii. Rezultate. Borul este important pentru osteogeneză, iar deficiența acestuia poate compromite creșterea și dezvoltarea oaselor. El susține sănătatea osoasă a femeilor aflate în menopauză prin reducerea pierderii urinare a calciului, magneziului și a fosforului. În țările în care solul este privat de bor, iar aportul zilnic al acestui mineral este de 1 mg și mai puțin, incidența artritei este cuprinsă între 20 și 70%. În Moldova, în regiunile în care concentrația borului în apa potabilă de profunzime a fost joasă (0,28 mg/l în apa din fântâni și 0,51 mg/l în apa din sondele arteziene în Soroca în 2019), prevalența prin artrită reumatoidă și poliartropatii inflamatorii a fost înaltă (51,6 pentru 10000 locuitori), cu o singură excepție – UTA Găgăuzia (35,1 pentru 10 000 locuitori), unde am depistat o concentrație înaltă a borului în apa potabilă de profunzime (2,05 mg/l în apa din fântâni și 2,2 mg/l în apa din sondele arteziene) în anul 2015. Concluzii. Borul poate afecta metabolismul osos. În regiunile în care concentrația borului în apa potabilă de profunzime este joasă, morbiditatea osteoarticulară poate fi înaltă, cu excepția UTA Gagauzia, unde presupunem că deprinderile alimentare ale locuitorilor pot cauza aceste rezultate. Astfel, modul de alimentație al locuitorilor din această zonă se impune a fi studiat în profunzime și doar atunci vom putea trasa concluzii mai clare

HISTO-ANATOMICAL AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC RESEARCHES ON ZIZIPHORA CAPITATA L. (LAMIACEAE) SPECIES

Concerning Ziziphora capitata L. (Lamiaceae) species, the paper presents the histo-anatomical analysis of root, aboveground stem and leaf, along with the chromatographic investigations of the polyphenols in the aerial parts. Caffeic acid (126.2 μg/mL) and rutin (171.3 μg/mL) were identified in the 20% methanolic extract of Ziziphorae capitatae herba, by thin-layer chromatography coupled with photodensitometry

The role of boron and its compounds in preventing osteoarticular diseases

National Agency for Public Health, Republic of Moldova, Bioboron Research Institute, Craiova, RomaniaIntroduction. Boron is a trace mineral that is supposed to be essential for human health. Organic boron compounds, which can be found in vegetable products are highly bioavailable for humans and can positively influence minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and act in synergy with vitamin D, which are known to be beneficial for osteoarticular health. The aim of this study was to research the literature to determine the role of boron in preventing osteoarticular diseases. Material and methods. This present paper analyzed 126 bibliographic sources that highlighted the boron and its compounds functions, as well as their role in preventing osteoarticular diseases. Results. Boron is important for osteogenesis and its deficiency can lead to impaired growth and abnormal bones development. It supports bone health in postmenopausal women by reducing urinary loss of the minerals such as calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, which are essential for bone building. Boron supplementation can decrease calcitonin blood levels and increase levels of calcium and vitamin D at the same time. According to recently published researches, people older than 40 can prevent and/or correct arthritis, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis by taking boron to or higher than 3 mg per day. In countries where soil was depleted of boron and daily intake of this mineral was 1 mg or lower, the incidence of arthritis was between 20 and 70%. Contrary to this, in countries where daily boron intake was 3 to 10 mg per day, the incidence of arthritis ranged from 0 to 10%. A low serum level of boron was found in individuals with both rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Low serum levels of this mineral were correlated with higher levels of rheumatoid factor, the antibody that causes destruction of the joints in both diseases. Studies that were done in the Middle East demonstrate that patients with rheumatoid arthritis have 50% lower serum boron than controls. This may suggest that boron can play a role in pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and their severity. Boron, as well as zinc, manganese, magnesium and aluminum, is present in the mineralized and non-mineralized portion of bones, although their role in bone functioning is not completely understood. Following these, one study has shown that boron levels were reduced in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip. Calcium fructoborate, the most studied bioactive boron compounds, could be effective in reducing joint discomfort and stiffness, as well as in helping to reduce the need for use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It can significantly improve knee discomfort during a 2-week period when compared to placebo. Additionally, it synergizes with dexamethasone to increase the bone mineralization. Conclusions. Boron can affect bone metabolism. An adequate intake of minimum 3 mg of boron per day is particular important for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis or osteoporosis and even more important for individuals who are at high risk of developing these conditions

HISTO-ANATOMICAL AND PRELIMINARY CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS ON POLYGALA VULGARIS L. (POLYGALACEAE) SPECIES

The paper highlights the histo-anatomical investigation of root, rhizome, aboveground stem and leaf of Polygala vulgaris L. (Polygalaceae) species, harvested in August 2016, from southern Romania, as well as the preliminary thin-layer chromatographic analysis of the polyphenols content of the aerial parts (Polygalae vulgaris herba). Rutin was identified and quantified starting from the 11 TLC fingerprint bands