Three-Dimensional Bioprinted Controlled Release Scaffold Containing Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Lyosecretome for Bone Regeneration: Sterile Manufacturing and In Vitro Biological Efficacy

Recently, 3D-printed scaffolds for the controlled release of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) freeze-dried secretome (Lyosecretome) have been proposed to enhance scaffold osteoinduction and osteoconduction; coprinting of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with alginate hydrogels allows adequate mechanical strength to be combined with the modulable kinetics of the active principle release. This study represents the feasibility study for the sterile production of coprinted scaffolds and the proof of concept for their in vitro biological efficacy. Sterile scaffolds were obtained, and Lyosecretome enhanced their colonization by MSCs, sustaining differentiation towards the bone line in an osteogenic medium. Indeed, after 14 days, the amount of mineralized matrix detected by alizarin red was significantly higher for the Lyosecretome scaffolds. The amount of osteocalcin, a specific bone matrix protein, was significantly higher at all the times considered (14 and 28 days) for the Lyosecretome scaffolds. Confocal microscopy further confirmed such results, demonstrating improved osteogenesis with the Lyosecretome scaffolds after 14 and 28 days. Overall, these results prove the role of MSC secretome, coprinted in PCL/alginate scaffolds, in inducing bone regeneration; sterile scaffolds containing MSC secretome are now available for in vivo pre-clinical tests of bone regeneration

T-Shape Professionals Co-working in Smart Contexts: VEGA(ST) – Venice Gateway for Science and Technology

The places where people routinely gather to interact and work can be thought of as territories with boundaries that provide a smart context to achieve personal and professional goals. For example, the Venice Gateway for Science and Technology of VEGA(ST) is such a smart context, in the form of a co-working space. In this paper, smart contexts are explored using the integrated framework of Service Science, Management Engineering, Design Arts Public Policy (SSME +DAPP) and the Viable Systems Approach (VSA) research methods, which encourage the development of T-shaped professionals with depth and breadth. We explore the importance of: (1) adopting a win-win logic between the external environment and the resource holders of the wider enterprise-territory system, (2) the creation of smart contexts, as a symbol of sharing, where interaction and actor involvement facilitate the co-creation of value for the collective welfare, and (3) co-working spaces as a way to encourage T-shape professionals to develop their broad dynamic capabilities and their in depth competencies