30 research outputs found

    Emergência e fitomassa de mudas de pimentão em diferentes substratos.

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    Um experimento com mudas de cultivares de pimentão em diferentes substratos orgânicos foi desenvolvido na Unidade Universitária de Aquidauana, da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, de maio a julho de 2010. O experimento consistiu no cultivo das mudas em bandejas de 72 células; utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com seis repetições, em esquema de parcela subdividida formado por sete substratos e três cultivares. Os substratos foram: Plantmax®, esterco bovino, ramas de mandioca, ramas de mandioca + esterco bovino; ramas de mandioca + Plantmax®; esterco bovino + Plantmax® e ramas de mandioca + esterco bovino + Plantmax®. As cultivares avaliadas foram: SF134, Cascadura Ikeda e Rubi Gigante. Os resultados indicaram que as plântulas da cultivar SF134 emergiram mais rapidamente; o melhor substrato para formação das mudas de pimentão foi composto por 50% esterco bovino + 50% Plantmax®

    Solar radiation levels modify the growth traits and bromatological composition of Cichorium intybus

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    Shading greenhouse may be an effective method to achieve a suitable environment for crop growth and to enhance crop yield and quality in places or seasons where there is high light intensity. Therefore, solar radiation levels may modify the biomass accumulation and bromatological composition. Different solar radiation levels (100%, 70% and 50% of available solar radiation) were simulated in order to determine crop responses to these factors in chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. foliosum). A hydroponic experiment was conducted in an experimental greenhouse in the city of Frederico Westphalen, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Plants grown in lower solar radiation levels are more efficient in converting solar radiation into dry matter, had a higher lipid content, increased chlorophyll indices a, b and total, as well as reduced leaf thickness, acid deter- gent fiber, cellulose, and lignin content, presenting more attractive bromato- logical features for commercial production. In this study it was demonstrated that the use of shading screens is an effective method to attenuate the solar radiation, this is especially relevant in places or seasons where there is high light intensity, which contribute to achieve better characteristics of the chicory produced.

    Weeds infestation in corn intercropped with forages at different planting densities.

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    Corn is planted in the Center West region of Brazil as a second crop, following soybeans or beans. Intercropping of Brachiaria species with corn as a second crop increases the mulching in the cropping system. This study aimed to evaluate the weeds infestation in soybeans following corn/forages intercrop, as a function of corn plant structure, forage species and density. Experiments were conducted in a completely randomized blocks design with four replications, in Ponta Porã and Dourados municipalities, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, in 2010/2011. Treatments consisted of three corn hybrids with distinct plant architectures intercropped with three forage species: Brachiaria ruziziensis, B. brizantha and B.decumbens, at five densities, and the resulting dry mass was maintained throughout the winter. During the following cropping season, forages were desiccated prior to planting soybeans, and the dry mass of weeds, dry mass of the mulching, soil coverage by weeds, and the broadleaf/grass weed species index (WPI) were determined 15 days after soybean emergence, submitted to an F-test, and analyzed either by regression or by multiple mean comparison, according to the nature of the data. When intercropping corn with species of Brachiaria, a reduction in the overall weeds infestation may always be expected; among the studied forage species, more problems with weeds may be anticipated in areas with a less competitive species, e.g. B.ruziziensis. Under the conditions of the trials, B.brizantha and B.decumbens were more capable of inhibiting the emergence of weed species in the winter

    Biomassa e teor de óleo essencial em Aloysia triphylla (l'hérit) Britton submetida a diferentes níveis de reposição hídrica e à variação sazonal das condições ambientais

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    RESUMOA variação nos elementos meteorológicos ao longo do ano, configurando as quatro estações, proporciona diferentes condições de crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas, alterando o metabolismo e a constituição dos tecidos vegetais. Assim, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de determinar a influência da sazonalidade em parâmetros fenométricos e na produção de óleo essencial em Aloysia triphylla (L'Hérit) Britton, submetida a diferentes níveis de reposição hídrica cultivada em ambiente protegido. As avaliações foram realizadas no dia que marcou a metade de cada estação do ano (verão, outono, inverno e primavera), sendo coletado todo o material vegetativo 20 cm acima do solo. A reposição hídrica foi baseada na evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) para o ambiente externo em função dos dados de entrada da equação de Penman-Monteith a qual apresenta parametrizações para dados obtidos em estações meteorológicas em padrões oficiais, sendo assim aplicados 125, 100, 75 e 50% da ETo em turno de rega de dois dias. A produção de massa fresca, seca e de parte aérea, bem como a área foliar, apresentaram maiores valores na estação primavera, sendo o inverno e o verão responsáveis pelos menores valores. O maior teor de óleo essencial foi observado nas estações de menor produção de biomassa, ou seja, verão e inverno. A reposição hídrica que proporcionou maior produção de material vegetativo foi a de 125% da ETo; no entanto, o maior teor de óleo foi observado nas menores reposições hídricas (75 e 50 % da ETo, respectivamente). A produção de óleo foi maior na primavera, a qual não sofreu influência da reposição hídrica ao longo do ano

    Climatic factors defining the height growth curve of forest species

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    The aim of this study was to modify several existing biological models by including several predictive variables that take into account the effect of climatic factors on tree height growth. Tree height was measured from 2007 to 2014 on 18 trees for each of the following species: Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis, Parapiptadenia rigida, Peltophorum dubium, Mimosa scabrella and Schizolobium parahybae. Different existing nonlinear models were fitted to the observed data, and the best fitting models were selected. The inclusion of climatic variables into the selected models (mainly minimum temperature and rainfall) improved their predictions of tree height growth with age, and provided more accurate estimates than those obtained by traditional nonlinear models. Simulations were carried out to explore the variation of tree height growth under different minimum temperature and precipitation regimes. The effects of frost and rainfall variation on height growth curves and their consequences for forest management are discussed
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