DRSS communication considerations for manned space flight

A lower and an upper bound or manned space flight requirements for a data relay satellite system (DRSS) in the 1975-1980 time period are described. In all cases, the most stringent requirement is an intersatellite link to provide wideband information transfer from an overseas DRS to the Continental United States. A parametric communication analysis is made as a function of varying frequency and antenna aperture. The desirability of using a VHF frequency band for low data rates and voice relay and the requirement for frequencies of 8 and 16 GHz for video and wideband digital data relay are shown

The nature of the long time decay at a second order transition point

We show that at a second order phase transition, of \phi^4 like system, a necessary condition for streched exponential decay of the time structure factor is obeyed. Using the ideas presented in this proof a crude estimate of the decay of the structure factor is obtained and shown to yield stretched exponential decay under very reasonable conditions.Comment: 7 page

Sneutrino as Lightest Supersymmetric Particle in B3 mSUGRA Models and Signals at the LHC

We consider B3 mSUGRA models where we have one lepton number violating LQD operator at the GUT scale. This can alter the supersymmetric mass spectrum leading to a sneutrino as the lightest supersymmetric particle in a large region of parameter space. We take into account the restrictions from neutrino masses, the muon anomalous magnetic moment, b -> s gamma and other precision measurements. We furthermore investigate existing restrictions from direct searches at LEP, the Tevatron and the CERN p\bar p collider. We then give examples for characteristic signatures at the LHC.Comment: 22 pages, 11 figure

Measurement error caused by spatial misalignment in environmental epidemiology

Copyright @ 2009 Gryparis et al - Published by Oxford University Press.In many environmental epidemiology studies, the locations and/or times of exposure measurements and health assessments do not match. In such settings, health effects analyses often use the predictions from an exposure model as a covariate in a regression model. Such exposure predictions contain some measurement error as the predicted values do not equal the true exposures. We provide a framework for spatial measurement error modeling, showing that smoothing induces a Berkson-type measurement error with nondiagonal error structure. From this viewpoint, we review the existing approaches to estimation in a linear regression health model, including direct use of the spatial predictions and exposure simulation, and explore some modified approaches, including Bayesian models and out-of-sample regression calibration, motivated by measurement error principles. We then extend this work to the generalized linear model framework for health outcomes. Based on analytical considerations and simulation results, we compare the performance of all these approaches under several spatial models for exposure. Our comparisons underscore several important points. First, exposure simulation can perform very poorly under certain realistic scenarios. Second, the relative performance of the different methods depends on the nature of the underlying exposure surface. Third, traditional measurement error concepts can help to explain the relative practical performance of the different methods. We apply the methods to data on the association between levels of particulate matter and birth weight in the greater Boston area.This research was supported by NIEHS grants ES012044 (AG, BAC), ES009825 (JS, BAC), ES007142 (CJP), and ES000002 (CJP), and EPA grant R-832416 (JS, BAC)

Swine Dysentery - A Practitioner Update

Swine dysentery is a mucohemorrhagic, exudative disease with lesions confined to the large intestine of pigs. Estimates from a 1976 survey by the Livestock Conservation Institute indicate an 88% increase in incidence of the disease in the United States since a similar 1972 estimate. This approximates a total annual loss of $64 million to the swine industry

Pressure dependence of the sound velocity in a 2D lattice of Hertz-Mindlin balls: a mean field description

We study the dependence on the external pressure $P$ of the velocities $v_{L,T}$ of long wavelength sound waves in a confined 2D h.c.p. lattice of 3D elastic frictional balls interacting via one-sided Hertz-Mindlin contact forces, whose diameters exhibit mild dispersion. The presence of an underlying long range order enables us to build an effective medium description which incorporates the radial fluctuations of the contact forces acting on a single site. Due to the non linearity of Hertz elasticity, self-consistency results in a highly non-linear differential equation for the "equation of state" linking the effective stiffness of the array with the applied pressure, from which sound velocities are then obtained. The results are in excellent agreement with existing experimental results and simulations in the high and intermediate pressure regimes. It emerges from the analysis that the departure of $v_{L}(P)$ from the ideal $P^{1/6}$ Hertz behavior must be attributed primarily to the fluctuations of the stress field, rather than to the pressure dependence of the number of contacts

Age-related changes in the relationship between alcohol use and violence from early adolescence to young adulthood

BACKGROUND: Despite the accumulation of studies examining the link between alcohol use and violence, no studies to our knowledge have systematically set out to detect age-related differences in these relationships. This limitation inhibits important insights into the stability of the relationship between alcohol use and violence among youth across varying ages. METHOD: Study findings are based on repeated, cross-sectional data collected annually as part of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health between 2002 and 2013. We combined a series of nationally representative cross-sections to provide a multi-year string of data that, in effect, reflects a nationally representative non-traditional cohort. We conducted logistic regression analyses to examine the cross-sectional association between non-binge and binge drinking and violent attacks among youth between ages 12 (2002) and 24/25 (2013). RESULTS: With respect to the association between non-binge alcohol use and violence, the only significant relationship identified—while controlling for sociodemographic and drug use factors—was for youth at age 13 (2003; OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.04–3.72). For binge drinking, we identified a distinct pattern of results. Controlling for sociodemographic, drug use factors, and school enrollment, binge drinking was significantly associated with violence between ages 13 (2003) and 20 (2010) with the largest odds ratios observed during the early adolescent period. CONCLUSIONS: Non-binge drinking is associated with violent behavior at age 13. Binge drinking was found to be associated with violence among youth through age 20; however, the relationship dissipates when youth arrive at the legal drinking age of 21