58 research outputs found

    Scavenger receptor class B type I is a key host factor for hepatitis C virus infection required for an entry step closely linked to CD81.

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    International audienceHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic hepatitis worldwide. Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) has been shown to bind HCV envelope glycoprotein E2, participate in entry of HCV pseudotype particles, and modulate HCV infection. However, the functional role of SR-BI for productive HCV infection remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of SR-BI as an entry factor for infection of human hepatoma cells using cell culture-derived HCV (HCVcc). Anti-SR-BI antibodies directed against epitopes of the human SR-BI extracellular loop specifically inhibited HCVcc infection in a dose-dependent manner. Down-regulation of SR-BI expression by SR-BI-specific short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) markedly reduced the susceptibility of human hepatoma cells to HCVcc infection. Kinetic studies demonstrated that SR-BI acts predominately after binding of HCV at an entry step occurring at a similar time point as CD81-HCV interaction. Although the addition of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) enhanced the efficiency of HCVcc infection, anti-SR-BI antibodies and SR-BI-specific siRNA efficiently inhibited HCV infection independent of lipoprotein. Conclusion: Our data suggest that SR-BI (i) represents a key host factor for HCV entry, (ii) is implicated in the same HCV entry pathway as CD81, and (iii) targets an entry step closely linked to HCV-CD81 interaction

    Impact des glycoprotéines d'enveloppe E1 et E2 du virus de l'hépatite C sur la réponse au traitement antiviral interféron-a pégylé/ribavirine chez des patients atteints d'hépatite chronique C

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    Le traitement de référence composé d interféron-alpha pégylé/ribavirine n est efficace que chez 50% des patients chroniquement infectés par un virus de l hépatite C (VHC)-génotype 1. La haute variabilité des glycoprotéines d enveloppe E1/E2 du VHC pourrait indirectement contribuer à la résistance virale au traitement par la sélection de souches avec un potentiel infectieux (p.i) élevé et/ou une capacité accrue à échapper à l immunité. Cette hypothÚse a été évaluée in silico puis par analyses fonctionnelles in vitro (pseudoparticules HCVpp). Des signatures moléculaires (SM) et des réseaux minimaux d acides aminés (aa) covariants, définis sur E1/E2, étaient corrélés à la réponse au traitement. Trois des quatre SM définies et fonctionnellement évaluées montraient des résultats en accord avec l hypothÚse. Les résidus 431A et 642V liés à la non-réponse (NR) entraßnaient une diminution de la neutralisation des HCVpp par les anticorps (Ac) circulant dans le sérum de patients, une augmentation 431A- ou 642V-dépendante du p.i. des HCVpp à l étape d entrée dans les cellules, et une interaction augmentée avec CD81 et SR-BI via 431A. Le résidu 219T lié à la réponse (R) diminuait le p.i des HCVpp. Des réseaux d aa covariants séparaient les souches NR des souches R et comportaient 3 des 4 SM citées plus haut. Conclusion : Nos résultats sont en faveur d une contribution indirecte de E1/E2 du VHC à l efficacité du traitement. Les résidus 431A et 642V (NR) favorisent le p.i des HCVpp et un échappement aux Ac neutralisants alors que le résidu 219T (R) diminue le p.i, suggérant que les interactions virus-hÎte durant l entrée virale peuvent intervenir dans l échec du traitement anti-VHC.The standard of care (SOC) treatment, i.e. pegylated interferon-alpha/ribavirin, is efficient in only 50% of patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-genotype 1. The high variability of HCV E1/E2 envelope glycoproteins may indirectly contribute to viral resistance to treatment by selection of strains with high infectivity and/or increased ability to escape to immunity. This hypothesis was investigated by in silico and in vitro functional analyses (pseudoparticles HCVpp). Molecular signatures (MS) and covariant amino acid minimal networks, defined on E1/E2, were correlated with treatment response. Three out of the four MS which were defined and functionally assessed showed results concordant with the hypothesis. The nonresponse (NR)-related residues 431A and 642V led to a decrease in antibody (Ab)-mediated HCVpp neutralization using patients sera, a 431A or 642V-dependent increase of HCVpp infectivity at the entry step, and a 431A-dependent increase of interaction with CD81 and SR-BI. The response (R)-related residue 219T decreased HCVpp infectivity. Minimal networks of covariant amino acids separated NR-related from R-related strains and included three out of the four MS previously mentioned. Conclusion: Our results support an indirect contribution of HCV E1/E2 to treatment efficacy. NR-related 431A and 642V favour HCVpp infectivity with concomitant escape from neutralizing Ab while R-related 219T decreases HCVpp infectivity, suggesting that virus-host interactions during viral entry may be involved in the SOC treatment failure.STRASBOURG-Sc. et Techniques (674822102) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and Monoclonal Antibodies Facing Viral Variants

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    International audienceThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is genetically variable, allowing it to adapt to various hosts including humans. Indeed, SARS-CoV-2 has accumulated around two mutations per genome each month. The first relevant event in this context was the occurrence of the mutant D614G in the Spike gene. Moreover, several variants have emerged, including the well-characterized 20I/501Y.V1, 20H/501Y.V2, and 20J/501Y.V3 strains, in addition to those that have been detected within clusters, such as 19B/501Y or 20C/655Y in France. Mutants have also emerged in animals, including a variant transmitted to humans, namely, the Mink variant detected in Denmark. The emergence of these variants has affected the transmissibility of the virus (for example, 20I/501Y.V1, which was up to 82% more transmissible than other preexisting variants), its severity, and its ability to escape natural, adaptive, vaccine, and therapeutic immunity. In this respect, we review the literature on variants that have currently emerged, and their effect on vaccines and therapies, and, in particular, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants must be examined to allow effective preventive and curative control strategies to be developed
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