Germinação de espécies forrageiras na presença de cádmio, cobre e chumbo

Soil contaminated with trace elements needs to introduce tolerant species and rapid growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the germination of forage species Brachiaria humidicola cv. Tupi, Panicum maximum cultivars Aruana and Tanzania in the presence of trace elements cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb). The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory for Seed Analysis (CAV-UDESC), the tests were conducted in the absence of the elements (control - 0 mg L-1), and in the concentrations of 3, 180 and 200 mg L-1 for Cd, Pb and Cu respectively. Germination percentage (G), Germination Speed ​​Index (GSI), Vigor (V) and tolerance index for aerial parts (AP) and root (R) were calculated. The presence of Cu inhibited the germination, root emission and aerial part of the species P. maximum cv. Aruana, as for vigor index was affected by the presence of Cu for the species P. maximum cv. Tanzânia and B. humidicola cv. Tupi. The percentage of germination, germination speed index and shoot length of the three species studied were affected by the presence of Cd. The presence of Pb affected shoot length and root length, and vigor index for P. maximum cv. Aruana and P. maximum cv. Tanzânia. The decreasing order of species sensitivity in the presence of Cd and Pb was P. maximum cv. Aruana > P. maximum cv. Tanzânia > B. humidicola cv. Tupi.Solo contaminado com elementos-traço tem necessidade de introduzir espécies tolerantes e de crescimento rápido. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a germinação das espécies forrageiras Brachiaria humidicola cv. Tupi, Panicum maximum cultivares Aruana e Tanzânia na presença dos elementos-traço cádmio (Cd), cobre (Cu) e chumbo (Pb). O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório para Análise de Sementes (CAV-UDESC), os testes foram conduzidos na ausência dos elementos (testemunha - 0 mg    L-1), e nas concentrações de 3, 180 e 200 mg L-1 para Cd, Pb e Cu, respectivamente. Foram calculados a porcentagem de germinação (G), Índice de Velocidade de Germinação (IVG), Vigor (V) e Índice de tolerância para parte aérea (PA) e raiz (RA). A presença do Cu inibiu a germinação, emissão de raiz e parte aérea da espécie P. maximum cv.  Aruana, bem como o índice de vigor foi afetado pela presença do Cu para as espécies P. maximum cv.  Tanzânia e B. humidicola cv. Tupi. A porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação e comprimento de parte aérea das três espécies estudadas foram afetadas pela presença do Cd. A presença do Pb afetou o comprimento de parte aérea e raiz, e índice de vigor para P. maximum cv.  Aruana e P. maximum cv.  Tanzânia. A ordem decrescente de sensibilidade das espécies na presença de Cd e Pb foi P. maximum cv.  Aruana > P. maximum cv.  Tanzânia > B. humidicola cv. Tupi

Application of Hydro-Based Morphological Models for Environmental Assessment of Watersheds

Hydro-based morphological models are representations of the terrain related to the flow or storage of water in the landscape. However, their application in the context of an integrated environmental assessment has been scarcely explored in the literature, despite the well-known importance of water for ecosystems and land use planning. Here, we derive the HAND and TWI models, which present solid conceptual bases based on water–landscape relationships from digital terrain models. We aim to present these models as useful representations in the environmental assessment of watersheds as they are relatively easy to generate and interpret. To this end, we applied these models in a Brazilian watershed and evaluated their spatial and reciprocal occurrence in the hydrological landscape through geographic entities and their spatial relationships with other landscape elements such as land use. We argue that HAND and TWI are simple hydrological-based models with robust premises that can reveal intrinsic relationships between relief parameters and water, providing new perspectives for the environmental assessment of small watersheds. Their outcomes have tremendous implications for land management initiatives. Our results show that geometric signatures of the TWI appeared through all the structural units of the hydrological landscape. The plateau areas were most prone to water accumulation/soil saturation, followed by floodplains, hillslopes, and ecotones. Thus, there is a tendency for the greatest geometric signatures of water accumulation/soil saturation entities to be located near the higher-order channels as well as the greatest geometric signatures of the floodplains. Agriculture and planted forests increased with distance, while the areas occupied by forest remnants tended to decrease within a range of up to 50 m from channels. However, they were also found within 50 m around the springs, whereas open fields, urban areas, and water bodies remained stable. We argue that HAND and TWI are simple hydrological-based models with robust premises that can reveal intrinsic relationships between the relief parameters and water, providing new perspectives for the environmental assessment of small watersheds whose outcomes have tremendous implications for land management initiatives

Application of Hydro-Based Morphological Models for Environmental Assessment of Watersheds

Hydro-based morphological models are representations of the terrain related to the flow or storage of water in the landscape. However, their application in the context of an integrated environmental assessment has been scarcely explored in the literature, despite the well-known importance of water for ecosystems and land use planning. Here, we derive the HAND and TWI models, which present solid conceptual bases based on water–landscape relationships from digital terrain models. We aim to present these models as useful representations in the environmental assessment of watersheds as they are relatively easy to generate and interpret. To this end, we applied these models in a Brazilian watershed and evaluated their spatial and reciprocal occurrence in the hydrological landscape through geographic entities and their spatial relationships with other landscape elements such as land use. We argue that HAND and TWI are simple hydrological-based models with robust premises that can reveal intrinsic relationships between relief parameters and water, providing new perspectives for the environmental assessment of small watersheds. Their outcomes have tremendous implications for land management initiatives. Our results show that geometric signatures of the TWI appeared through all the structural units of the hydrological landscape. The plateau areas were most prone to water accumulation/soil saturation, followed by floodplains, hillslopes, and ecotones. Thus, there is a tendency for the greatest geometric signatures of water accumulation/soil saturation entities to be located near the higher-order channels as well as the greatest geometric signatures of the floodplains. Agriculture and planted forests increased with distance, while the areas occupied by forest remnants tended to decrease within a range of up to 50 m from channels. However, they were also found within 50 m around the springs, whereas open fields, urban areas, and water bodies remained stable. We argue that HAND and TWI are simple hydrological-based models with robust premises that can reveal intrinsic relationships between the relief parameters and water, providing new perspectives for the environmental assessment of small watersheds whose outcomes have tremendous implications for land management initiatives