Stratégies d’adaptation à la réduction des services écosystémiques : cas des potentialités de substitution de trois espèces forestières dans le Sud-Ouest du Burkina Faso

Les conséquences de la perte de biodiversité sont entre autres la baisse des services écosystémiques, avec des incidences graves sur la santé des populations, leur alimentation, voire leur habitat. Dans ce contexte, les populations locales ont tendance à adopter des stratégies d’adaptation qu’il importe d’identifier et d’en analyser la durabilité. L’objectif de cette l’étude était de déterminer les substituts de trois plantes (Crateva adansonii D.C., Sarcocephalus latifolius (Smith) Buce et Burkea africana Hook.) à haute valeur sociale et culturelle dans le Sud-Ouest du Burkina Faso. Il s’agit de fournir des informations à même d’orienter les mesures de conservation et d’anticipation des effets de la déforestation. Une enquête a été conduite auprès de 253 personnes de neuf localités appartenant à trois groupes ethniques. Les résultats ont montré que les populations ont identifié seize substituts pour C. adansonii, vingt-deux pour S. latifoliius et seize pour B. africana. La plupart des substituts sont des espèces locales ou exotiques, et très peu de produits manufacturés. Il est donc possible, plutôt que d’interdire sans proposition de rechange à l’exploitation des espèces menacées, d’inverser la tendance en accompagnant les populations à utiliser les diverses potentialités de substitution des espèces. Ceci est un axe de conservation efficace des ressources végétales.Mots clés : Crateva adansonii D.C, Sarcocephalus latifoliius (Smith) Buce, Burkea africana Hook.,biodiversité, conservatio

Monitoring Handbook 4: Monitoring ecological effects

The goal of restoration should be to create a self-sustaining ecosystem that functions well and needs little maintenance. Monitoring is essential in order to see if projects are achieving improved ecological conditions. Part 1 of this handbook includes a description of common restoration goals and indicators. Methods for measuring each indicator are described in Part 2

Monitoring Handbook 1: What is multiparty monitoring?

There are many reasons for monitoring your project and using a multiparty approach. Multiparty monitoring will increase your understanding of the effects of restoration actions, support adaptive management, and set a course for future management. Multiparty monitoring also helps build trust among partners and establish project accountability in the broader community. This handbook will guide you through the initial steps required to develop a multiparty monitoring process

Monitoring Handbook 5: Monitoring social and economic effects of forest restoration

Forest restoration projects frequently have social, economic, and cultural goals as well as ecological goals. For instance, project partners may hope that their project will provide new jobs and reduce local unemployment, keep youth in the community, reduce the wildfire risk to human lives and property, or increase public involvement in national forest planning and decision making. Monitoring provides a way to determine whether you are headed toward or away from these goals. For example, your monitoring group might want to ask, Is our community becoming more or less sustainable? Are local management skills improving or getting worse? or Is the use of small-diameter trees increasing or decreasing? Part 1 of this handbook describes indicators that can help community-based multiparty monitoring groups measure changes in common forest restoration project goals. Part 2 describes specific methods for measuring change in each indicator

Discontinuous Transition from a Real Bound State to Virtual Bound State in a Mixed-Valence State of SmS

Golden SmS is a paramagnetic, mixed-valence system with a pseudogap. With increasing pressure across a critical pressure Pc, the system undergoes a discontinuous transition into a metallic, anti-ferromagnetically ordered state. By using a combination of thermodynamic, transport, and magnetic measurements, we show that the pseudogap results from the formation of a local bound state with spin singlet. We further argue that the transition Pc is regarded as a transition from an insulating electron-hole gas to a Kondo metal, i.e., from a spatially bound state to a Kondo virtually bound state between 4f and conduction electrons.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure