299 research outputs found
Elastic energy regularization for inverse obstacle scattering problems
By introducing a shape manifold as a solution set to solve inverse obstacle
scattering problems we allow the reconstruction of general, not necessarily
star-shaped curves. The bending energy is used as a stabilizing term in
Tikhonov regularization to gain independence of the parametrization. Moreover,
we discuss how self-intersections can be avoided by penalization with the
M\"obius energy and prove the regularizing property of our approach as well as
convergence rates under variational source conditions.
In the second part of the paper the discrete setting is introduced, and we
describe a numerical method for finding the minimizer of the Tikhonov
functional on a shape-manifold. Numerical examples demonstrate the feasibility
of reconstructing non-star-shaped obstacles
Comeback of epitaxial graphene for electronics: large-area growth of bilayer-free graphene on SiC
We present a new fabrication method for epitaxial graphene on SiC which
enables the growth of ultra-smooth defect- and bilayer-free graphene sheets
with an unprecedented reproducibility, a necessary prerequisite for wafer-scale
fabrication of high quality graphene-based electronic devices. The inherent but
unfavorable formation of high SiC surface terrace steps during high temperature
sublimation growth is suppressed by rapid formation of the graphene buffer
layer which stabilizes the SiC surface. The enhanced nucleation is enforced by
decomposition of polymer adsorbates which act as a carbon source. With most of
the steps well below 0.75 nm pure monolayer graphene without bilayer inclusions
is formed with lateral dimensions only limited by the size of the substrate.
This makes the polymer assisted sublimation growth technique the most promising
method for commercial wafer scale epitaxial graphene fabrication. The
extraordinary electronic quality is evidenced by quantum resistance metrology
at 4.2 K with until now unreached precision and high electron mobilities on mm
scale devices.Comment: 20 pages, 6 Figure
Sandwich-Like Encapsulation of a Highly Luminescent Copper(I) Complex
A small molecular weight cationic copper(I) complex showing high luminescence quantum yield based on a thermally activated delayed fluorescence mechanism is immobilized between two 1 nm thin silicate layers. Partial ion exchange of the emitter into a synthetic layered silicate (fluorohectorite) yields an ordered heterostructure with two types of strictly alternating interlayers: a monolayer of the cationic emitter and a monolayer of hydrated Na+ cations. Osmotic swelling of the latter produces dispersions of double-stacks in which the emitter monolayer is encapsulated between two silicate layers. The electrostatic attraction of the emitter interlayer with the oppositely charged silicate layers exerts electrostatic pressure on the emitter. Compared to crystalline salt, rigid confinement for the encapsulated emitter provides improved thermal stability and increased emission quantum yield at ambient temperature. The suspension of delaminated, micrometer-sized double-stacks of 3.9 nm thickness allows for easy solution processing of low-cost optoelectronic devices, such as light-emitting electrochemical cells and organic light-emitting diodes
Intermediate Field Coupling of Single Epitaxial Quantum Dots to Plasmonic Waveguides
Key requirements for quantum plasmonic nanocircuits are reliable
single-photon sources, high coupling efficiency to the plasmonic structures and
low propagation losses. Self-assembled epitaxially grown GaAs quantum dots are
close to ideal stable, bright and narrowband single-photon emitters. Likewise,
wet-chemically grown monocrystalline silver nanowires are among the best
plasmonic waveguides. However, large propagation losses of surface plasmons on
the high-index GaAs substrate prevent their direct combination. Here, we show
by experiment and simulation that the best overall performance of the quantum
plasmonic nanocircuit based on these building blocks is achieved in the
intermediate field regime with an additional spacer layer between the quantum
dot and the plasmonic waveguide. High-resolution cathodoluminescence
measurements allow a precise determination of the coupling distance and support
a simple analytical model to explain the overall performance. The coupling
efficiency is increased up to four times by standing wave interference near the
end of the waveguide.Comment: Accepted at ACS Nano Letters; contains main text and supporting
informatio
Treatment of Early Breast Cancer Patients: Evidence, Controversies, Consensus: Focusing on Systemic Therapy - German Experts' Opinions for the 16th International St. Gallen Consensus Conference (Vienna 2019)
A German working group of leading breast cancer experts have discussed the votes at the International St. Gallen Consensus Conference in Vienna for the treatment of primary breast cancer with regard to the German AGO (Ar-beitsgemeinschaft Gynakologische Onkologie) recommendations for clinical practice in Germany. Three of the German breast cancer experts were also members of this year's St. Gallen panel. Comparing the St. Gallen recommendations with the annually updated treatment recommendations of the Gynecological Oncology Working Group (AGO Mamma 2019) and the German S3 Guideline is useful, because the recommendations of the St. Gallen panel are based on expert opinions of different countries and disciplines. The focus of this article is on systemic therapy. The motto of this year's 16th St. Gallen Consensus Conference was Estimating the magnitude of clinical benefit. The rationale behind this motto is that, for every treatment decision, a benefit-risk assessment must be taken into consideration for each patient
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