4,429 research outputs found
Expert Evidence and Its Impact on Juror’s Decisions in Homicide Trials Involving Battered Women
Hearing Characteristics and Doppler Shift Compensation in South Indian CF-FM Bats
1. Echolocation pulses, Doppler shift compensation behaviour under laboratory conditions and frequency response characteristics of hearing were recorded inRhinolophus rouxi, Hipposideros speoris andHipposideros bicolor.
2. The frequencies of the constant frequency portions of the CF-FM pulses lie at about 82.8 kHz forR. rouxi from Mahabaleshwar, at 85.2 kHz forR. rouxi from Mysore. Hipposiderid bats have considerably higher frequencies at 135 kHz inH. speoris and 154.5 kHz inH. bicolor. The mean sound durations were 50 ms, 6.4 ms and 4.7 ms, respectively.
3. R. rouxi compensates for Doppler shifts in a range up to typically 4 kHz of positive Doppler shifts (Fig. 2). The Doppler shift compensation behaviour is almost identical to that ofR. ferrumequinum.
4. H. speoris andH. bicolor do not compensate for Doppler shifts under laboratory conditions. Doppler shifts in the echoes induce emission frequency changes which are not correlated to the presented Doppler shifts (Fig. 3).
5. The frequency response characteristics of hearing ofR. rouxi show characteristic sensitivity changes near the bat's reference frequency as also found inR. ferrumequinum. The threshold differences between the low threshold at the reference frequency and a few hundred Hz below are 40 to 50 dB in awake bats (Fig. 5).
6. Frequency sensitivity changes near the emitted CF-frequency of the bats are less pronounced inH. speoris or almost absent inH. bicolor
Echo Delay and Overlap with Emitted Orientation Sounds and Doppler-shift Compensation in the Bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum
The compensation of Doppler-shifts by the bat, Rhinolophusferrumequinum,
functions only when certain temporal relations between the echo
and the emitted orientation sound are given. Three echo configurations
were used:
a) Original orientation sounds were electronically Doppler-shifted and
played back either cut at the beginning (variable delay) or at the end (variable
duration) of the echo.
b) Artificial constant frequency echoes with variable delay or duration
were clamped to the frequency of the emitted orientation sound at different
Doppler-shifts.
c) The echoes were only partially Doppler-shifted and the Doppler-shifted
component began after variable delays or had variable durations.
With increasing delay or decreasing duration of the Doppler-shifted echo
the compensation amplitude for a sinusoidally modulated + 3 kHz Dopplershift
(modulation rate 0.08 Hz) decreases for all stimulus configurations
(Figs. 1, 2, 3).
The range of the Doppler-shift compensation system is therefore limited
by the delay due to acoustic travel time to about 4 m distance between
bat and target. In this range the overlap duration of the echo with the
emitted orientation sound is always sufficiently long, when compared with
data on the orientation pulse length during target approach from Schnitzler
(1968) (Fig. 5)
Journal Bearings
A plurality of bearing sectors are mounted in a housing. Each sector functions as a lobed area in the bearing to obtain the required lubricant film geometry
Laryngeal Nerve Activity During Pulse Emission in the CF-FM Bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum. I. Superior Laryngeal Nerve (External Motor Branch)
The activity of the external (motor) branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN), innervating the cricothyroid muscle, was recorded in the greater horseshoe bat,Rhinolophus ferrumequinum. The bats were induced to change the frequency of the constant frequency (CF) component of their echolocation signals by presenting artificial signals for which they Doppler shift compensated. The data show that the SLN discharge rate and the frequency of the emitted CF are correlated in a linear manner
NNNLO correction to the toponium and bottomonium wave-functions at the origin
We report new results of the NNNLO correction to the S-wave quarkonium
wave-functions at the origin, which also provide an estimate of the resonance
cross section in t-tbar threshold production at the ILC.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings of 2007 International Linear Collider
Workshop: LCWS07 and ILC07, Hamburg, Germany, 30 May - 3 Jun 200
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