892 research outputs found
Dynamics of magnetic flux tubes in close binary stars I. Equilibrium and stability properties
Surface reconstructions of active close binary stars based on photometric and
spectroscopic observations reveal non-uniform starspot distributions, which
indicate the existence of preferred spot longitudes (with respect to the
companion star). We consider the equilibrium and linear stability of toroidal
magnetic flux tubes in close binaries to examine whether tidal effects are
capable to initiate the formation of rising flux loops at preferred longitudes
near the bottom of the stellar convection zone. The tidal force and the
deviation of the stellar structure from spherical symmetry are treated in
lowest-order perturbation theory assuming synchronised close binaries with
orbital periods of a few days. The frequency, growth time, and spatial
structure of linear eigenmodes are determined by a stability analysis. We find
that, despite their small magnitude, tidal effects can lead to a considerable
longitudinal asymmetry in the formation probability of flux loops, since the
breaking of the axial symmetry due to the presence of the companion star is
reinforced by the sensitive dependence of the stability properties on the
stellar stratification and by resonance effects. The orientation of preferred
longitudes of loop formation depends on the equilibrium configuration and the
wave number of the dominating eigenmode. The change of the growth times of
unstable modes with respect to the case of a single star is very small.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Are the strengths of solar cycles determined by converging flows towards the activity belts?
It is proposed that the observed near-surface inflows towards the active
regions and sunspot zones provide a nonlinear feedback mechanism that limits
the amplitude of a Babcock-Leighton-type solar dynamo and determines the
variation of the cycle strength. This hypothesis is tested with surface flux
transport simulations including converging latitudinal flows that depend on the
surface distribution of magnetic flux. The inflows modulate the build-up of
polar fields (represented by the axial dipole) by reducing the tilt angles of
bipolar magnetic regions and by affecting the cross-equator transport of
leading-polarity magnetic flux. With flux input derived from the observed
record of sunspot groups, the simulations cover the period between 1874 and
1980 (corresponding to solar cycles 11 to 20). The inclusion of the inflows
leads to a strong correlation of the simulated axial dipole strength during
activity minimum with the observed amplitude of the subsequent cycle. This in
agreement with empirical correlations and in line with what is expected from a
Babcock-Leighton-type dynamo. The results provide evidence that the latitudinal
inflows are a key ingredient in determining the amplitude of solar cycles.Comment: accepted in A&
A necessary extension of the surface flux transport model
Customary two-dimensional flux transport models for the evolution of the
magnetic field at the solar surface do not account for the radial structure and
the volume diffusion of the magnetic field. When considering the long-term
evolution of magnetic flux, this omission can lead to an unrealistic long-term
memory of the system and to the suppression of polar field reversals. In order
to avoid such effects, we propose an extension of the flux transport model by a
linear decay term derived consistently on the basis of the eigenmodes of the
diffusion operator in a spherical shell. A decay rate for each eigenmode of the
system is determined and applied to the corresponding surface part of the mode
evolved in the flux transport model. The value of the volume diffusivity
associated with this decay term can be estimated to be in the range 50--100
km^2/s by considering the reversals of the polar fields in comparison of flux
transport simulations with observations. We show that the decay term prohibits
a secular drift of the polar field in the case of cycles of varying strength,
like those exhibited by the historical sunspot record.Comment: for further information visit: http://solweb.oma.be/users/baumann
Probing quiet Sun magnetism using MURaM simulations and Hinode/SP results: support for a local dynamo
We obtain information about the magnetic flux present in the quiet Sun by
comparing radiative MHD simulations with Hinode/SP observations, with
particular emphasis on the role of surface dynamo action. Simulation runs with
different magnetic Reynolds numbers (Rm) are used together with observations at
different heliocentric angles with different levels of noise. The results show
that simulations with an imposed mixed-polarity field and Rm below the
threshold for dynamo action reproduce the observed vertical flux density, but
do not display a sufficiently high horizontal flux density. Surface dynamo
simulations at the highest Rm feasible at the moment yield a ratio of the
horizontal and vertical flux density consistent with observational results, but
the overall amplitudes are too low. Based on the properties of the local dynamo
simulations, a tentative scaling of the magnetic field strength by a factor 2 -
3 reproduces the signal observed in the internetwork regions. We find an
agreement with observations at different heliocentric angles. The mean field
strength in internetwork, implied by our analysis, is roughly 170 G at the
optical depth unity. Our study shows that surface dynamo could be responsible
for most of the magnetic flux in the quiet Sun outside the network given that
the extrapolation to higher Rm is valid.Comment: accepted in A&
Solar Dynamics, Rotation, Convection and Overshoot
We discuss recent observational, theoretical and modeling progress made in
understanding the Sun's internal dynamics, including its rotation, meridional
flow, convection and overshoot. Over the past few decades, substantial
theoretical and observational effort has gone into appreciating these aspects
of solar dynamics. A review of these observations, related helioseismic
methodology and inference and computational results in relation to these
problems is undertaken here.Comment: 31 pages, 10 figures, Space Science Review
Reconstruction of solar activity for the last millennium using Be data
In a recent paper (Usoskin et al., 2002a), we have reconstructed the
concentration of the cosmogenic Be isotope in ice cores from the
measured sunspot numbers by using physical models for Be production in
the Earth's atmosphere, cosmic ray transport in the heliosphere, and evolution
of the Sun's open magnetic flux. Here we take the opposite route: starting from
the Be concentration measured in ice cores from Antarctica and
Greenland, we invert the models in order to reconstruct the 11-year averaged
sunspot numbers since 850 AD. The inversion method is validated by comparing
the reconstructed sunspot numbers with the directly observed sunspot record
since 1610. The reconstructed sunspot record exhibits a prominent period of
about 600 years, in agreement with earlier observations based on cosmogenic
isotopes. Also, there is evidence for the century scale Gleissberg cycle and a
number of shorter quasi-periodicities whose periods seem to fluctuate in the
millennium time scale. This invalidates the earlier extrapolation of
multi-harmonic representation of sunspot activity over extended time intervals.Comment: Submitted to A&
Metallic proximity effect in ballistic graphene with resonant scatterers
We study the effect of resonant scatterers on the local density of states in
a rectangular graphene setup with metallic leads. We find that the density of
states in a vicinity of the Dirac point acquires a strong position dependence
due to both metallic proximity effect and impurity scattering. This effect may
prevent uniform gating of weakly-doped samples. We also demonstrate that even a
single-atom impurity may essentially alter electronic states at low-doping on
distances of the order of the sample size from the impurity.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure
Frequency comb vernier spectroscopy in the near infrared
We perform femtosecond frequency comb vernier spectroscopy in the near
infrared with a femtosecond Er doped fiber laser, a scanning high-finesse
cavity and an InGaAs camera. By utilizing the properties of a frequency comb
and a scanning high-finesse cavity such spectroscopy provides broad spectral
bandwidth, high spectral resolution, and high detection sensitivity on a short
time scale. We achieved an absorption sensitivity of ~8E-8 cm-1Hz-1/2
corresponding to a detection limit of ~70 ppbv for acetylene, with a resolution
of ~1.1 GHz in single images taken in 0.5 seconds and covering a frequency
range of ~5 THz. These measurements have broad applications for sensing other
greenhouse gases in this fingerprint near IR region with a simple apparatus.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure
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