The Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Serum Levels of HDL Cholesterol and HDL Apolipoprotein A-I. Findings of a prospective epidemiological study on employees of several companies in Westphalia, West Germany

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RNA helicase signaling is critical for type I interferon production and protection against rift valley fever virus during mucosal challenge

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an emerging RNA virus with devastating economic and social consequences. Clinically, RVFV induces a gamut of symptoms ranging from febrile illness to retinitis, hepatic necrosis, hemorrhagic fever, and death. It is known that type I interferon (IFN) responses can be protective against severe pathology; however, it is unknown which innate immune receptor pathways are crucial for mounting this response. Using both in vitro assays and in vivo mucosal mouse challenge, we demonstrate here that RNA helicases are critical for IFN production by immune cells and that signaling through the helicase adaptor molecule MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling) is protective against mortality and more subtle pathology during RVFV infection. In addition, we demonstrate that Toll-like-receptor-mediated signaling is not involved in IFN production, further emphasizing the importance of the RNA cellular helicases in type I IFN responses to RVFV

Multiple Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases Regulate Vaccinia Virus Morphogenesis

Poxvirus morphogenesis is a complex process that involves the successive wrapping of the virus in host cell membranes. We screened by plaque assay a focused library of kinase inhibitors for those that caused a reduction in viral growth and identified several compounds that selectively inhibit phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Previous studies demonstrated that PI3Ks mediate poxviral entry. Using growth curves and electron microscopy in conjunction with inhibitors, we show that that PI3Ks additionally regulate morphogenesis at two distinct steps: immature to mature virion (IMV) transition, and IMV envelopment to form intracellular enveloped virions (IEV). Cells derived from animals lacking the p85 regulatory subunit of Type I PI3Ks (p85α−/−β−/−) presented phenotypes similar to those observed with PI3K inhibitors. In addition, VV appear to redundantly use PI3Ks, as PI3K inhibitors further reduce plaque size and number in p85α−/−β−/− cells. Together, these data provide evidence for a novel regulatory mechanism for virion morphogenesis involving phosphatidylinositol dynamics and may represent a new therapeutic target to contain poxviruses

VLDL Cholesterol and VLDL Apolipoprotein B. Preliminary Cross-Sectional Data of the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Company Employees in Westphalia

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HDL Apolipoprotein A-I and HDL Apolipoprotein A-II Concentrations in Male Company Employees in Westphalia Aged 40 Years and Older

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Simplified Turbidimetric Determination of Apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and B Using a Microtitre Method

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Zur Richtigkeit der HDL-Cholesterin- und HDL-Apolipoprotein A-I-Bestimmung nach Phosphorwolframsäure/MgCl2-Präzipitation Apolipoprotein B-haltiger Lipoproteine

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