39 research outputs found
Feasting on Fido: Cultural Implications of Eating Dogs at Bridge River
Dogs represent a unique facet of the faunal assemblage at the Bridge River site (EeRl4), a prehistoric aggregated winter housepit village in southern British Columbiaâs Middle Fraser Canyon. As part of the Bridge River site investigation of emergent material wealth based status inequality of the hunter-gatherer-fisher economy, the 2008 and 2009 excavation of the village recovered the skeletal remains of domestic dogs within two distinct cache pit features in Housepit 24âs Activity Area 3. The two dogs unearthed from these separate cache pits features show dichotomous roles for manâs best friend; one, possibly as a prized companion, and the other as a food resource. This thesis focuses on the elements recovered from Feature 5 showing visible signs of trauma which include perimortem fractures, carnivore gnaw-marks, and cut-marks. The regionâs ethnographic record provides evidence of utilizing domestic dogs as a resource for food, clothing, hunting, packing, and trade. Evidence suggests that the contents of the Feature 5 cache pit resulted from a single event associated with feasting, and would represent a symbolic display of status. The use of dogs as a delicacy in the feasting apparatus is unique to the Bridge River villageâs archaeological record compared to the Keatley Creek site, where analyses concluded many of the dogs died of natural causes. The purpose of this thesis is to determine the depositional event that created the canid assemblage in Bridge Riverâs Housepit 24; its sociocultural significance within the village; and its meaning within the broader context of the Canadian Plateau
Vom Missstand zum Aufstand - Kommunikation im bÀuerlichen Kreis am Beispiel der niederösterreichischen Bauernunruhen am Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts
Im Zuge dieser Arbeit wurde der Versuch unternommen ein StuÌck weit in die Kommunikationsgeschichte einzutauchen, genauer gesagt rund 400 Jahre zuruÌck zu gehen und die AnfĂ€nge der FruÌhen kommunikativen Neuzeit zu betrachten. Die Grundlage meine Interesses bildet folgende Frage: Wie wurde damals kommuniziert? Genauer genommen sollte die Kommunikation der bĂ€uerliche Gesellschaft - angefangen von den Möglichkeiten uÌberhaupt
Kommunikation zu betreiben bis hin zur Umsetzung dieser - am Beispiel des niederösterreichischen Bauernaufstands 1596/97 untersucht werden.
Die Kommunikationsmittel und -wege von damals sollten herausgearbeitet werden und somit wie sich die bĂ€uerliche Gesellschaft dieser bediente. Trotz uÌberwiegend deutscher Literatur, die sich logischerweise vermehrt mit den deutschen Bauernkriegen beschĂ€ftigte, waren die Erkenntnisse daraus sehr hilfreich. Sie lieĂen letztlich ein Bild - angefangen von den bĂ€uerlichen Lebensweise bis hin zu den Unruhen - entstehen, welches aufgrund der Ăhnlichkeit zum Thema der vorliegenden Arbeit meiner Meinung nach durchaus heranzuziehen und darauf umzumuÌnzen ist
Ein Repository fĂŒr Modellierungsmethoden
Im Bereich der Wirtschaftsinformatik gewinnen Modelle und vor allem die verwendeten Modellierungsmethoden immer mehr an Bedeutung. Daher wurde 2008 die Open Model Initiative gegrĂŒndet, die sich mit der Entwicklung und Bereitstellung von Modellierungsmethoden und deren Anwendungsmöglichkeiten beschĂ€ftigt. Um die Entwickler von Modellierungsmethoden zu unterstĂŒtzen wird nun ein Repositorykonzept benötigt. Dadurch sollen dem Anwender sowohl VerwaltungsfunktionalitĂ€t als auch Analysemöglichkeiten geboten werden.
Die Konzeption dieses Repositories basiert im Gegensatz zu den in der Literatur am hĂ€ufigsten auftretenden Datenbank-basierenden Repositorykonzepten auf einem Metamodellierungsansatz, wodurch sich insbesonders einige wesentliche Vorteile ergeben. Diese Vorteile sind vor allem die einfache Integration der Modellierungsumgebung fĂŒr die verwalteten Modellierungsmethoden sowie die Verwendung von Metamodellierungskonzepten sowohl fĂŒr das Repository als auch fĂŒr die Anwendung.
Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es nun ein Konzept fĂŒr ein Modellierungsmethoden-Repository zu erstellen, welches alle notwendigen FunktionalitĂ€ten fĂŒr deren Verwaltung zur VerfĂŒgung stellt und an die BedĂŒrfnisse der Methodenentwickler angepasst ist. Das Konzept soll anschlieĂend die Spezifikationsgrundlage fĂŒr eine darauffolgende Implementierung bieten, wodurch eine weitere Verwendung des Repositories innerhalb der Open Model Initiative geboten wird.Models and their used modelling methods become more important in the field of business informatics. Therefore, the Open Models Initiative was founded in 2008. This initiative deals with the development and supply of modelling methods and their applicability. A repository concept is needed due to the growing number of modelling methods and to support the method developer. This ensures the provision of management functionality as well as analytical possibilities.
The conception of this repository is based on a metamodelling approach in contrast to the most common concepts based on database technologies. This results in various advantages like easy integration of the modelling methods into the modelling environment and the usage of metamodelling approaches for the repository as well as for the use.
Aim of this work is the creation of a concept for a modelling method repository. This concept specifies all necessary functionalities and is adapted to the needs of method developers. The following implementation of the repository is based on this provided specification. Through which further usage of the repository within the Open Models Initiative is given
Trade-off between benefits, harms and economic efficiency of low-dose CT lung cancer screening: a microsimulation analysis of nodule management strategies in a population-based setting
A Component of Retinal Light Adaptation Mediated by the Thyroid Hormone Cascade
Analysis with DNA-microrrays and real time PCR show that several genes involved in the thyroid hormone cascade, such as deiodinase 2 and 3 (Dio2 and Dio3) are differentially regulated by the circadian clock and by changes of the ambient light. The expression level of Dio2 in adult rats (2â3 months of age) kept continuously in darkness is modulated by the circadian clock and is up-regulated by 2 fold at midday. When the diurnal ambient light was on, the expression level of Dio2 increased by 4â8 fold and a consequent increase of the related protein was detected around the nuclei of retinal photoreceptors and of neurons in inner and outer nuclear layers. The expression level of Dio3 had a different temporal pattern and was down-regulated by diurnal light. Our results suggest that DIO2 and DIO3 have a role not only in the developing retina but also in the adult retina and are powerfully regulated by light. As the thyroid hormone is a ligand-inducible transcription factor controlling the expression of several target genes, the transcriptional activation of Dio2 could be a novel genomic component of light adaptation
Beliefs im Lyrikunterricht
Den Fragen nachzugehen, wie sich ZugĂ€nge zu Lyrik fĂŒr SchĂŒler_innen aus deren Sichtweise gestalten, ob sie diese als positiv oder negativ erfahren und, inwieweit sich ihnen in der Auseinandersetzung mit Lyrik eine Bereicherung bietet, sind Aufgaben litera-turdidaktischer Forschung. Da sich diese Prozesse höchst individuell gestalten, ist es nicht immer ein Leichtes, sie zu beobachten, geschweige denn empirisch zu erfassen. Die Be-liefs-Forschung, der die Untersuchung von Wissen als Konstrukt und den damit einherge-henden Aneignungsprozessen zugrundeliegt, bietet hier einen interessanten Forschungs-ansatz, der im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit steht. Ausgehend von der Hypothese, dass â meist nicht bewusst wahrgenommene â Ăberzeugungen zu Lyrik Einfluss auf den Lern-prozess von SchĂŒler_innen haben, werden Erhebungsmöglichkeiten zu Beliefs im Lyrik-unterricht bei SchĂŒler_innen der gymnasialen Oberstufe prĂ€sentiert und deren Vor- und Nachteile anhand eines konkreten Erhebungsbeispiels diskutiert. Vorrangiges Ziel dabei ist es, herauszufinden, inwiefern die Beliefs-Forschung fĂŒr die Literaturdidaktik fruchtbar gemacht werden kann und welche Möglichkeiten sie dadurch fĂŒr diese bieten. Die bei der Untersuchung zum Einsatz kommenden Messinstrumente setzen sich aus einem Fragebo-gen, basierend auf Grundannahmen von Marlene Schommer-Aikins sowie einer Vorlage von Katrin Rolka, und einer fĂŒr das Forschungsanliegen adaptierten Version der associa-tive network-Methode nach Annamaria Silvana de Rosa zusammen. Die Ergebnisse aus der Fragebogenstudie in Zusammenhang mit Ergebnissen der assoziativen Methode zei-gen in einer ersten AnnĂ€hrung an das Forschungsfeld fĂŒr den Lyrikunterricht wesentliche Ergebnisse und geben Anlass zu weiterfĂŒhrender BeschĂ€ftigung mit der Beliefs-Forschung innerhalb der Literaturdidaktik.To investigate how studentsâ approaches to poetry shape themselves from their point of view, whether they experience them as positive or negative, and to what extent dealing with poetry constitutes an enrichment, are main concerns of literary didactic re-search. Since these processes are highly individual, it is not always easy to observe them, let alone to grasp them empirically. Beliefs research, which is based on the study of knowledge as a construct and the concomitant appropriation processes, offers an interest-ing research approach, which is at the centre of this thesis. Based on the hypothesis that - mostly not consciously perceived - beliefs on poetry have an influence on the learning process of pupils, different forms of empirical research that examine the beliefs in the context of teaching poetry with pupils of the Austrian upper secondary (AHS) are pre-sented. Their advantages and disadvantages are then discussed on the basis of a concrete survey example. The primary goal is to find out how far Beliefs research can be utilized for literary didactics and what opportunities they offer for them. The measuring instru-ments used in the study comprise a questionnaire based on basic assumptions by Marlene Schommer-Aikins, a model by Katrin Rolka, and an adapted version of the associative network method according to Annamaria Silvana de Rosa. The results of this empirical study in connection with results of the associative method show significant results in a first approximation to the research field for the teaching of poetry and give reason for further investigation into the connection of Beliefs research and literature didactics
Is individualized medicine more cost-effective? A systematic review.
Background: Individualized medicine (IM) is a rapidly evolving field that is associated with both visions of more effective care at lower costs and fears of highly priced, low-value interventions. It is unclear which view is supported by the current evidence. Objective: Our objective was to systematically review the health economic evidence related to IM and to derive general statements on its cost-effectiveness. Data sources: A literature search of MEDLINE database for English- and German-language studies was conducted. Study appraisal and synthesis method: Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility studies for technologies meeting the MEDLINE medical subject headings (MeSH) definition of IM (genetically targeted interventions) were reviewed. This was followed by a standardized extraction of general study characteristics and cost-effectiveness results. Results: Most of the 84 studies included in the synthesis were from the USA (n = 43, 51 %), cost-utility studies (n = 66, 79 %), and published since 2005 (n = 60, 71 %). The results ranged from dominant to dominated. The median value (cost-utility studies) was calculated to be rounded US, year 2008 values), which is equal to the rounded median cost-effectiveness in the peer-reviewed English-language literature according to a recent review. Many studies reported more than one strategy of IM with highly varying cost-effectiveness ratios. Generally, results differed according to test type, and tests for disease prognosis or screening appeared to be more favorable than tests to stratify patients by response or by risk of adverse effects. However, these results were not significant. Limitations: Different definitions of IM could have been used. Quality assessment of the studies was restricted to analyzing transparency. Conclusions: IM neither seems to display superior cost-effectiveness than other types of medical interventions nor to be economically inferior. Instead, rather than 'whether' healthcare was individualized, the question of 'how' it was individualized was of economic relevance