6,725 research outputs found
Der ProLan-X - Sprachreport
Bei der Realisierung großer Software-Projekte treten immer wieder Probleme auf, was die
Koordination der Mitarbeiter, die Ausnutzung der vorhandenen Ressourcen und nicht zuletzt die
Qualität der erzeugten Produkte angeht. Um die Vorgänge bei der Produktion von Software
durchschaubarer und verständlicher zu machen, versucht man, diese aus der Sicht von Meta-Modellen zu beschreiben. Dabei fließen die individuellen Rahmenbedingungen einer jeden
Entwicklungsumgebung ein; die vorhandenen Ressourcen werden ebenso modellien wie die
durchzuführenden Tätigkeiten und ihre Abhängigkeiten. Die Beschreibungssprache für den Software-Prozeß ProLan-X dient der (konkreten) Beschreibung der Bestandteile des Meta-Modells MoMo, das ebenfalls in dieser Arbeitsgruppe entwickelt wurde [Schramm]. Die am Projekt beteiligten Personen, Hardware- und Software-Ressourcen und ihre Aufgaben werden in möglichst natürlicher Weise verhaltensorientien beschrieben. Aus dieser Beschreibung kann eine Ablaufumgebung generien werden, die die Durchführung des Projekts unterstützt und protokolliert. Der vorliegende Bericht faßt die Eigenschaften der Sprache ProLan-X zusammen und erläuten ihre Verwendung. Er setzt das MoMo-Modell als bekannt voraus
Critical curves in conformally invariant statistical systems
We consider critical curves -- conformally invariant curves that appear at
critical points of two-dimensional statistical mechanical systems. We show how
to describe these curves in terms of the Coulomb gas formalism of conformal
field theory (CFT). We also provide links between this description and the
stochastic (Schramm-) Loewner evolution (SLE). The connection appears in the
long-time limit of stochastic evolution of various SLE observables related to
CFT primary fields. We show how the multifractal spectrum of harmonic measure
and other fractal characteristics of critical curves can be obtained.Comment: Published versio
Fast calculation of a family of elliptical mass gravitational lens models
Because of their simplicity, axisymmetric mass distributions are often used
to model gravitational lenses. Since galaxies are usually observed to have
elliptical light distributions, mass distributions with elliptical density
contours offer more general and realistic lens models. They are difficult to
use, however, since previous studies have shown that the deflection angle (and
magnification) in this case can only be obtained by rather expensive numerical
integrations. We present a family of lens models for which the deflection can
be calculated to high relative accuracy (one part in 100000) with a greatly
reduced numerical effort, for small and large ellipticity alike. This makes it
easier to use these distributions for modelling individual lenses as well as
for applications requiring larger computing times, such as statistical lensing
studies. A program implementing this method can be obtained from the author (or
at http://www.sns.ias.edu/~barkana/ellip.html).Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, submitted to ApJ, also available at
http://www.sns.ias.edu/~barkana/ellip.htm
Light Propagation in Inhomogeneous Universes. IV. Strong Lensing and Environmental Effects
We study the gravitational lensing of high-redshift sources in a LCDM
universe. We have performed a series of ray-tracing experiments, and selected a
subsample of cases of strong lensing (multiple images, arcs, and Einstein
rings). For each case, we identify a massive galaxy that is primarily
responsible for lensing, and studied how the various density inhomogeneities
along the line of sight (other galaxies, background matter) affect the
properties of the image. The matter located near the lensing galaxy, and
physically associated with it, has a small effect. The background matter
increases the magnification by a few percents at most, while nearby galaxies
can increase it by up to about 10 percent. The effect on the image separation
is even smaller. The only significant effect results from the random alignment
of physically unassociated galaxies, which can increase the magnification by
factors of several, create additional images, and turn arcs into rings. We
conclude that the effect of environment on strong lensing in negligible in
general, and might be important only in rare cases. We show that our conclusion
does not depend on the radial density profile of the galaxies responsible for
lensing.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figures (one in color). Accepted for publication in The
Astrophysical Journal. Minor typos correcte
SLE-type growth processes and the Yang-Lee singularity
The recently introduced SLE growth processes are based on conformal maps from
an open and simply-connected subset of the upper half-plane to the half-plane
itself. We generalize this by considering a hierarchy of stochastic evolutions
mapping open and simply-connected subsets of smaller and smaller fractions of
the upper half-plane to these fractions themselves. The evolutions are all
driven by one-dimensional Brownian motion. Ordinary SLE appears at grade one in
the hierarchy. At grade two we find a direct correspondence to conformal field
theory through the explicit construction of a level-four null vector in a
highest-weight module of the Virasoro algebra. This conformal field theory has
central charge c=-22/5 and is associated to the Yang-Lee singularity. Our
construction may thus offer a novel description of this statistical model.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX, v2: thorough revision with corrections, v3: version
to be publishe
Estimating novel potential drug targets of Plasmodium falciparum by analysing the metabolic network of knock-out strains in silico
Malaria is one of the world’s most common and serious diseases causing death of about 3 million people
each year. Its most severe occurrence is caused by the protozoan Plasmodium falciparum. Biomedical
research could enable treating the disease by effectively and specifically targeting essential enzymes of
this parasite. However, the parasite has developed resistance to existing drugsmaking it indispensable to
discover new drugs. We have established a simple computational tool which analyses the topology of the
metabolic network of P. falciparum to identify essential enzymes as possible drug targets.Weinvestigated
the essentiality of a reaction in the metabolic network by deleting (knocking-out) such a reaction in silico.
The algorithmselected neighbouring compounds of the investigated reaction that had to be produced by
alternative biochemical pathways. Using breadth first searches, we tested qualitatively if these products
could be generated by reactions that serve as potential deviations of the metabolic flux. With this we
identified 70 essential reactions. Our results were compared with a comprehensive list of 38 targets of
approved malaria drugs. When combining our approach with an in silico analysis performed recently
[Yeh, I., Hanekamp, T., Tsoka, S., Karp, P.D., Altman, R.B., 2004. Computational analysis of Plasmodium
falciparum metabolism: organizing genomic information to facilitate drug discovery. Genome Res. 14,
917–924] we could improve the precision of the prediction results. Finally we present a refined list of 22
new potential candidate targets for P. falciparum, half of which have reasonable evidence to be valid
targets against micro-organisms and cancer
KPZ in one dimensional random geometry of multiplicative cascades
We prove a formula relating the Hausdorff dimension of a subset of the unit
interval and the Hausdorff dimension of the same set with respect to a random
path matric on the interval, which is generated using a multiplicative cascade.
When the random variables generating the cascade are exponentials of Gaussians,
the well known KPZ formula of Knizhnik, Polyakov and Zamolodchikov from quantum
gravity appears. This note was inspired by the recent work of Duplantier and
Sheffield proving a somewhat different version of the KPZ formula for Liouville
gravity. In contrast with the Liouville gravity setting, the one dimensional
multiplicative cascade framework facilitates the determination of the Hausdorff
dimension, rather than some expected box count dimension.Comment: 14 page
Restoring betatron phase coherence in a beam-loaded laser-wakefield accelerator
Matched beam loading in laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA), characterizing
the state of flattening of the acceleration electric field along the bunch,
leads to the minimization of energy spread at high bunch charges. Here, we
demonstrate by independently controlling injected charge and acceleration
gradients, using the self-truncated ionization injection scheme, that minimal
energy spread coincides with a reduction of the normalized beam divergence.
With the simultaneous confirmation of a constant beam radius at the plasma
exit, deduced from betatron radiation spectroscopy, we attribute this effect to
the reduction of chromatic betatron decoherence. Thus, beam loaded LWFA enables
highest longitudinal and transverse phase space densities
Off-Critical SLE(2) and SLE(4): a Field Theory Approach
Using their relationship with the free boson and the free symplectic fermion,
we study the off-critical perturbation of SLE(4) and SLE(2) obtained by adding
a mass term to the action. We compute the off-critical statistics of the source
in the Loewner equation describing the two dimensional interfaces. In these two
cases we show that ratios of massive by massless partition functions,
expressible as ratios of regularised determinants of massive and massless
Laplacians, are (local) martingales for the massless interfaces. The
off-critical drifts in the stochastic source of the Loewner equation are
proportional to the logarithmic derivative of these ratios. We also show that
massive correlation functions are (local) martingales for the massive
interfaces. In the case of massive SLE(4), we use this property to prove a
factorisation of the free boson measure.Comment: 30 pages, 1 figures, Published versio
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