6 research outputs found
Health-related educational inequalities in paid employment across 26 European countries in 2005-2014: repeated cross-sectional study
Objective The study investigates the trends in healthrelated inequalities in paid employment among men and
women in different educational groups in 26 countries in 5
European regions.
Design Individual-level analysis of repeated crosssectional annual data (2005β2014) from the EU Statistics
on Income and Living Conditions.
Setting 26 European countries in 5 European regions.
Participants 1 844 915 individuals aged 30β59 years
were selected with information on work status, chronic
illness, educational background, age and gender.
Outcome measures Absolute differences were expressed
by absolute differences in proportion in paid employment
between participants with and without a chronic illness,
using linear regression. Relative differences were
expressed by prevalence ratios in paid employment, using
a Cox proportional hazard model. Linear regression was
used to examine the trends of inequalities.
Results Participants with a chronic illness had
consistently lower labour force participation than those
without illnesses. Educational inequalities were substantial
with absolute differences larger within lower educated
(men 21%β35%, women 10%β31%) than within higher
educated (men 5%β13%, women 6%β16%). Relative
differences showed that low-educated men with a chronic
illness were 1.4β1.9 times (women 1.3β1.8 times) more
likely to be out of paid employment than low-educated
persons without a chronic illness, whereas this was 1.1β
1.2 among high-educated men and women. In the Nordic,
Anglo-Saxon and Eastern regions, these health-related
educational inequalities in paid employment were more
pronounced than in the Continental and Southern region.
For most regions, absolute health-related educational
inequalities in paid employment were generally constant,
whereas relative inequalities increased, especially among
low-educated persons.
Conclusions Men and women with a chronic illness have
considerable less access to the labour market than their
healthy colleagues, especially among lower educated
persons. This exclusion from paid employment will
increase health inequalities
Influence of changing working conditions on exit from paid employment among workers with a chronic disease
Objectives: To investigate the relation between changes in working conditions and exit from paid employment among workers with a chronic disease. Methods: Six waves from the longitudinal Study on Transitions in Employment, Ability and Motivation (2010-2016), enriched with tax-based employment information from Statistics Netherlands (2011-2017), were available for 4820 chronically ill workers aged 45-63 years (mean 55.3 years, SD 5.1). A change in working conditions (physical workload, psychological job demands, job autonomy, emotional job demands and social support) was defined as an increase or decrease between two consecutive waves of at least one SD. Discrete-time survival models with repeated measurements were used to estimate
Effects of changes in early retirement policies on labor force participation: the differential effects for vulnerable groups
Objectives This study investigated the effects of a national early retirement reform, which was implemented
in 2006 and penalized early retirement, on paid employment and different exit pathways and examined whether
these effects differ by gender, income level and health status.
Methods This study included all Dutch individuals in paid employment born six months before (control group)
and six months after (intervention group) the cut-off date of the reform (1 January 1950) that fiscally penalized
early retirement. A regression discontinuity design combined with restricted mean survival time analysis was
applied to evaluate the effect of penalizing early retirement on labor force participation from age 60 until workers
reached the retirement age of 65 years, while accounting for secular trends around the threshold.
Results The intervention grou
The influence of unhealthy behaviours on early exit from paid employment among workers with a chronic disease: A prospective study using the Lifelines cohort
Objectives: This study examined the risk of unhealthy behaviours and the additive effects of multiple unhealthy behaviours on exit from paid employment among workers with a chronic disease and investigated effect modification by gender and educational level. Methods: Data from the Lifelines cohort, collected between 2006 and 2013, were enriched with registry data from Statistics Netherlands with up to 11 years follow-up. Workers with a chronic disease were selected (n = 11,467). The influence of unhealthy b
The contribution of health to educational inequalities in exit from paid employment in five European regions
textabstractObjectives The primary aim of this study was to investigate educational inequalities in health-related exit from
paid employment through different pathways in five European regions. A secondary objective was to estimate
the proportion of different routes out of paid employment that can be attributed to poor health across educational
groups in five European regions.
Methods Longitudinal data from 2005 up to 2014 were obtained from the four-year rotating panel of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC), including 337 444 persons with 1 056 779
observations from 25 countries. Cox proportional hazards models with censoring for competing events were used
to examine associations between health problems and exit from paid employment. The population attributable
fraction was calculated to quantify the impact of health problems on labor force exit.
Results In all European regions, lower-educated workers had higher risks of leaving paid employment due
to disability benefits [relative inequality (RI) 3.3β6.2] and unemployment (RI 1.9β4.5) than those with higher
education. The fraction of exit from paid employment that could be attributed to poor health varied between
the five European regions among lower-educated persons from 0.06β0.21 and among higher-educated workers
from 0.03β0.09. The disadvantaged position of lower-educated persons on the labor market was primarily due
to a higher prevalence of poor health.
Conclusion In all European regions, educational inequalities exist in health-related exclusion from paid employment. Policy measures are needed to reduce educational inequalities in exit from paid employment due to poor
health
The mediating role of unhealthy behavior in the relationship between shift work and perceived health
Background: Little is known about the relationship between shift work and perceived health, including potential underlying