8,345 research outputs found
Quantum stabilization of Z-strings, a status report on D=3+1 dimensions
We investigate an extension to the phase shift formalism for calculating
one-loop determinants. This extension is motivated by requirements of the
computation of Z-string quantum energies in D=3+1 dimensions. A subtlety that
seems to imply that the vacuum polarization diagram in this formalism is
(erroneously) finite is thoroughly investigated.Comment: Based on talk by O.S. at QFEXT07, Leipzig Sept. 2007. 8 page
From metastable to stable modifications-in situ Laue diffraction investigation of diffusion processes during the phase transitions of (GeTe)(n)Sb2Te3 (6 < n < 15) crystals.
Temperature dependent phase transitions of compounds (GeTe)nSb2Te3 (n = 6, 12, 15) have been investigated by in situ microfocus Laue diffraction. Diffusion processes involving cation defect ordering at B300 8C lead to different nanostructures which are correlated to changes of the thermoelectric characteristics
Towards a working density-functional theory for polymers: First-principles determination of the polyethylene crystal structure
Equilibrium polyethylene crystal structure, cohesive energy, and elastic
constants are calculated by density-functional theory applied with a recently
proposed density functional (vdW-DF) for general geometries [Phys. Rev. Lett.
92, 246401 (2004)] and with a pseudopotential-planewave scheme. The vdW-DF with
its account for the long-ranged van der Waals interactions gives not only a
stabilized crystal structure but also values of the calculated lattice
parameters and elastic constants in quite good agreement with experimental
data, giving promise for successful application to a wider range of polymers.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Efficient Photon Coupling from a Diamond Nitrogen Vacancy Centre by Integration with Silica Fibre
A central goal in quantum information science is to efficiently interface
photons with single optical modes for quantum networking and distributed
quantum computing. Here, we introduce and experimentally demonstrate a compact
and efficient method for the low-loss coupling of a solid-state qubit, the
nitrogen vacancy (NV) centre in diamond, with a single-mode optical fibre. In
this approach, single-mode tapered diamond waveguides containing exactly one
high quality NV memory are selected and integrated on tapered silica fibres.
Numerical optimization of an adiabatic coupler indicates that
near-unity-efficiency photon transfer is possible between the two modes.
Experimentally, we find an overall collection efficiency between 18-40 % and
observe a raw single photon count rate above 700 kHz. This integrated system
enables robust, alignment-free, and efficient interfacing of single-mode
optical fibres with single photon emitters and quantum memories in solids
Non-invasive determination of external forces in vortex-pair-cylinder interactions
Expressions for the conserved linear and angular momenta of a dynamically coupled fluid + solid system are derived. Based on the knowledge of the flow velocity field, these expressions allow the determination of the external forces exerted on a body moving in the fluid such as, e.g., swimming fish. The verification of the derived conserved quantities is done numerically. The interaction of a vortex pair with a circular cylinder in various configurations of motions representing a generic test case for a dynamically coupled fluid + solid system is investigated in a weakly compressible Navier-Stokes setting using a Cartesian cut-cell method, i.e., the moving circular cylinder is represented by cut cells on a moving mesh. The objectives of this study are twofold. The first objective is to show the robustness of the derived expressions for the conserved linear and angular momenta with respect to bounded and discrete data sets. The second objective is to study the coupled dynamics of the vortex pair and a neutrally buoyant cylinder free to move in response to the fluid stresses exerted on its surface. A comparison of the vortex-body interaction with the case of a fixed circular cylinder evidences significant differences in the vortex dynamics. When the cylinder is fixed strong secondary vorticity is generated resulting in a repeating process between the primary vortex pair and the cylinder. In the neutrally buoyant cylinder case, a stable structure consisting of the primary vortex pair and secondary vorticity shear layers stays attached to the moving cylinder. In addition to these fundamental cases, the vortex-pair-cylinder interaction is studied for locomotion at constant speed and locomotion at constant thrust. It is shown that a similar vortex structure like in the neutrally buoyant cylinder case is obtained when the cylinder moves away from the approaching vortex pair at a constant speed smaller than the vortex pair translational velocity. Finally, the idealized symmetric settings are complemented by an asymmetric interaction of a vortex pair and a cylinder. This case is discussed for a fixed and a neutrally buoyant cylinder to show the validity of the derived relations for multi-dimensional body dynamics
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