1865-04-26 James Schouler inquires about the welfare of Patrick Lang

https://digitalmaine.com/cw_me_16th_regiment_corr/1405/thumbnail.jp

1865-08-26 Attorney James Schouler writes on behalf of Private Charles Stade of Company B regarding bounty payment

https://digitalmaine.com/cw_me_1st_heavy_corr/1435/thumbnail.jp

Improving our Understanding of Tropical Cyclone Unusual Motion and Rapid Intensification

Despite steady improvement in their tropical cyclone (TC) track and intensity forecasts over recent decades, operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) models still struggle at times in predicting two TC phenomena: climatologically unusual motion and rapid intensification (RI). Atlantic TCs typically move clockwise along curved tracks skirting the southern, western, and northwestern periphery of the Western Atlantic Ridge. Hurricane Joaquin (2015) followed a particularly unusual hairpin loop-shaped track that was poorly predicted by most operational NWP models, including the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS). Over recent years, considerable interest has also developed in understanding the cause-and-effect relationship between RI, defined here as a maximum surface wind (VMAX) intensification rate exceeding 15 m s-1 (24 h-1), and outbreaks of inner core deep convection, known as convective bursts (CBs), that have been observed to precede or coincide with RI in some TCs. A deeper physical understanding of the atmospheric processes governing TC unusual motion and RI, together with retrospective case study analyses of model forecast errors, will help us to identify NWP model components – data assimilation and physical parameterizations, for example – that may need further improvement. This research project seeks to (i) identify the atmospheric features that steered Hurricane Joaquin (2015) along the southwestward leg of its looping track and (ii) investigate the thermodynamic and three-dimensional characteristics of CBs as a first step toward developing a more comprehensive understanding of how CBs may facilitate RI. To accomplish (i), we generate a high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model Control (CTL) simulation of Hurricane Joaquin (2015) that reproduces its looping track and intensification trends. Comparing CTL forecast fields against sensitivity WRF simulations initialized from perturbed analyses and against two representative GFS forecasts, we find that a sufficiently strong mid-to-upper level ridge northwest of Joaquin and a vortex sufficiently deep to interact with northeasterly geostrophic flows surrounding the ridge are both necessary for steering Joaquin southwestward. These results suggest that more accurate track forecasts for TCs developing in vertically sheared environments may be at least partly contingent on improved vortex initialization; for these cases, assimilation of more inner-core observations such as cloudy radiances and airborne radar-derived winds could be particularly beneficial. We address (ii) by comparing parcel traces, thermodynamic variables, and vertical accelerations along trajectories run through CB updraft cores with trajectories representative of the background eyewall ascent in a Hurricane Wilma (2005) WRF simulation. We compute three-dimensional trajectories from WRF-output winds using a model developed for this study that implements an experimental advection correction algorithm designed to reduce time interpolation errors, with the latter confirmed by tests on analytical and numerically-simulated flows. Results show that Wilma’s CBs are characterized by significant thermal buoyancy, particularly in the upper troposphere; this is consistent with their lower environmental air entrainment rates and reduced midlevel hydrometeor loading relative to the background ascent, and with their updrafts being rooted in portions of the boundary layer where ocean surface heat and moisture fluxes are locally higher

Increase in presentations with new-onset psychiatric disorders in a psychiatric emergency department in Berlin, Germany during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic – a retrospective cross-sectional study

Introduction: While numerous studies have identified an increase in symptoms of depression as well as anxiety and distress due to the COVID-19 pandemic, relatively few studies have investigated the new-onset of psychiatric diseases during the pandemic. Methods: This study focuses on the number of psychiatric new-onset diagnoses in a psychiatric emergency department (pED) in Berlin, Germany during the second wave of the pandemic (i.e. from 09/15/2020 to 03/01/2021 = COVID-19-period) compared to pre-pandemic times (09/15/2019 to 03/01/2020 = control period). We focused on diagnostic subgroups and performed logistic regression analysis to investigate potential risk groups based on covariables such as age, gender, homelessness, attending in police custody and familial relationship. Results: Overall, there was a 59.7% increase in new-onset psychiatric diagnoses during the COVID-19-period. Increases in the following diagnoses were observed: new-onset of substance-related and addictive disorders (+192.5%), depressive disorders (+115.8%), schizophrenia spectrum and psychotic disorders (+113.3%) and anxiety disorders (+63.6%). These diagnostic subgroups, together with attending in police custody, were found to predict pED presentations with new-onset during the COVID-19-period. Interestingly, in the group of new-onset psychiatric diseases in the COVID-19-period, higher amounts of job loss and living alone as well as a relative decrease in familial relationships were observed. Discussion: COVID-19 infections and post-COVID-19 syndrome are unlikely to have played a substantial role in the increase of new-onset diseases in this study. Conclusion: Our findings underline the role of indirect factors in new-onset of psychiatric diseases during the pandemic and should be a caveat for future pandemic control policies

Listening to refugee and vulnerable migrant women of Somali origin about the bodily and psychosocial consequences of female genital mutilation in Germany

The World Health Organization (WHO) states that an expected 200 million women have experienced female genital mutilation (FGM) in Africa. The types of cutting vary depending on the individual’s society or location, with four different types presently being practised. The Horn of Africa comprises Somalia, Djibouti, Kenya, Eritrea and Ethiopia, and WHO has listed the following four countries in order of prevalence of FGM practice, with Somalia at 98%, followed by Ethiopia at 92%, Djibouti at 93% and Eritrea at 89% of the female population. In addition to efforts being made to eradicate FGM by WHO, Non-governmental organisations, governments and women organisations, there is also a demand from those who have already undergone this procedure, whether they are in Africa or elsewhere in the world for help with the biopsychosocial consequences of FGM. Method This paper presents the findings of a mixed-method study on the views of a group of vulnerable migrant women with FGM, as well as healthcare practitioners, who consider that there is an unmet demand for better interculturally sensitive healthcare in their adopted country –Germany. The mixed-method study comprised the participation of 48 female volunteers over 18 years of age, recruited with the help of Somali social workers. Using the Metaplan and a quantitative questionnaire, five workshops were conducted in the German towns of Fulda (N=16), Rathenau (N=9), Kassel (N=13) and Berlin (N=10). Results The investigation in Germany was conducted as part of MyHealth, which was a larger European project aimed at improving the healthcare access of vulnerable migrants and refugees (women and unaccompanied minors) newly arrived in Europe, by developing and implementing models based on information gained from a European multidisciplinary Learning Alliance. The overall data gathered revealed a high demand for information and attention to the FGM issue by the participants and healthcare professionals. The interaction during data gathering also suggested a transfer of knowledge between the researchers and the participants. Participants felt they had been heard and were then able to engage with the German healthcare system. Discussion The study highlights the fact that the provision of healthcare in the host country can be improved by providing healthcare workers with intercultural communication skills, tools and cultural awareness training approaches. Moreover, these types of interventions could be adapted to help other vulnerable groups in different healthcare systems worldwide, particularly women’s issues such as postnatal depression, FGM and menopause

Increase in presentations with new-onset psychiatric disorders in a psychiatric emergency department in Berlin, Germany during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic – a retrospective cross-sectional study

IntroductionWhile numerous studies have identified an increase in symptoms of depression as well as anxiety and distress due to the COVID-19 pandemic, relatively few studies have investigated the new-onset of psychiatric diseases during the pandemic.MethodsThis study focuses on the number of psychiatric new-onset diagnoses in a psychiatric emergency department (pED) in Berlin, Germany during the second wave of the pandemic (i.e. from 09/15/2020 to 03/01/2021 = COVID-19-period) compared to pre-pandemic times (09/15/2019 to 03/01/2020 = control period). We focused on diagnostic subgroups and performed logistic regression analysis to investigate potential risk groups based on covariables such as age, gender, homelessness, attending in police custody and familial relationship.ResultsOverall, there was a 59.7% increase in new-onset psychiatric diagnoses during the COVID-19-period. Increases in the following diagnoses were observed: new-onset of substance-related and addictive disorders (+192.5%), depressive disorders (+115.8%), schizophrenia spectrum and psychotic disorders (+113.3%) and anxiety disorders (+63.6%). These diagnostic subgroups, together with attending in police custody, were found to predict pED presentations with new-onset during the COVID-19-period. Interestingly, in the group of new-onset psychiatric diseases in the COVID-19-period, higher amounts of job loss and living alone as well as a relative decrease in familial relationships were observed.DiscussionCOVID-19 infections and post-COVID-19 syndrome are unlikely to have played a substantial role in the increase of new-onset diseases in this study. Conclusion: Our findings underline the role of indirect factors in new-onset of psychiatric diseases during the pandemic and should be a caveat for future pandemic control policies

1865-08-26 Attorney James Schouler writes on behalf of Private Charles Stade of Company B regarding bounty payment

https://digitalmaine.com/cw_me_1st_heavy_corr/1435/thumbnail.jp

1865-04-26 James Schouler inquires about the welfare of Patrick Lang

https://digitalmaine.com/cw_me_16th_regiment_corr/1405/thumbnail.jp

History of the United States of America, under the Constitution.

Vols. 1-5 rev. ed.; v. 6-7 first published in 1899 and 1913 repectively.v.1. 1783-1801. Rule of Federalism.--v.2. 1801-1817. Jefferson Republicans.--v.3. 1817-1831. Era of good feeling.--v.4. 1831-1847. Democrats and Whigs.--v.5. 1847-1861. Free soil controversy.--v.6. 1861-1865. The civil war.--v.7 1865-1877. The reconstruction period.Mode of access: Internet