16 research outputs found
Reservation-based Resource-Brokering for Grid Computing
In this paper we present the design and implementation of the Migol brokering framework. Migol is a Grid middleware, which addresses the fault-tolerance of long-running and compute-intensive applications. The framework supports e. g. the automatic and transparent recovery respectively the migration of applications. Another core feature of Migol is the discovery, selection, and allocation of resources using advance reservation. Grid broker systems can significantly benefit from advance reservation. With advance reservation brokers and users can obtain execution guarantees from local resource management systems (LRM) without requiring detailed knowledge of current and future workloads or of the resource owner’s policies. Migol’s Advance Reservation Service (ARS) provides an adapter layer for reservation capabilities of different LRMs, which is currently not provided by existing Grid middleware platforms. Further, we propose a shortest expected delay (SED) strategy for scheduling of advance reservations within the Job Broker Service. SED needs information about the earliest start time of an application. This is currently not supported by LRMs. We added this feature for PBSPro. Migol depends on Globus and its security infrastructure. Our performance experiments show the substantial overhead of this serviceoriented approach
The Effect of Union Status at First Childbirth on Union Stability: Evidence from Eastern and Western Germany
Function, morphology and protein expression of ageing skeletal muscle: a cross-sectional study of elderly men with different training backgrounds.
The function and morphology of knee extension/m. vastus lateralis and elbow
flexion/m. biceps brachii were studied in young (28 +/- 0.1 years, n = 7) and
elderly (68 +/- 0.5 years, n = 8) sedentary subjects and in elderly swimmers (69
+/- 1.9 years, n = 6), runners (70 +/- 0.7 years, n = 5) and strength-trained
subjects (68 +/- 0.8 years, n = 7). On average, the training groups had, for the
12-17 years before the measurements were taken, performed their training regimen
3 +/- 0.1 times a week. Compared with the young subjects, the maximal isometric
torque of the sedentary elderly subjects was 44% (P less than 0.05) lower in knee
extension and 32% (P less than 0.05) lower in elbow flexion, and speed of
movement was between 20 and 26% (P less than 0.05) lower in both knee extension
and elbow flexion. The cross-sectional area of m. quadriceps femoris and the
elbow flexors was also 24% (P less than 0.05) and 20% lower respectively, and the
specific tension was 27% (P less than 0.05) lower in m. quadriceps femoris and
14% (P less than 0.05) lower in the elbow flexors. A 27% (P less than 0.05)
higher content of myosin heavy chain type I and a 39% (P less than 0.05) higher
content of the slow-type myosin light chain--2 was observed in m. vastus
lateralis of the sedentary elderly subjects as compared with the young subjects.
The same tendency was also seen with m. biceps brachii. Since the histochemical
fibre-type distribution was identical and no major co-expression of type I and
type II myosin heavy-chain isoforms was observed with immunocytochemistry, the
increase in slow myosin isoforms with ageing seems mainly related to a larger
relative area of type I fibres, induced by a selective atrophy of type II fibre
area. An increased content of the beta-isoform of tropomyosin was also
demonstrated with ageing. In contrast to the swimmers and runners, the elderly
strength-trained subjects had maximal isometric torques, speed of movements,
cross-sectional areas, specific tensions and a content of myosin and tropomyosin
isoforms in both muscles studied identical to those of the young controls. These
results seem to suggest that strength training can counteract the age-related
changes in function and morphology of the ageing human skeletal muscle